Skip to main content
Find a Lawyer

Hidden Safety Hazards: And How to Protect Yourself Against Them

Car Repairs
Lemon Law
Odometer Rollback

Car Repairs ^ (back to top)

Automobile repair problems consistently rank No. 1 among all consumer complaints.

Each year thousands of complaints are logged. The majority of them involve overcharging, poor workmanship and deceptive repair practices.

State consumer laws prohibit unfair and deceptive practices in auto repair. Mechanics who mislead, deceive or make misrepresentations to consumers may be subject to penalties.

Common sense, advance planning and using a little caution can help you avoid many common auto repair difficulties.

Tips to Follow When You Have Car Problems

  • Research repair shops. Ask friends and neighbors if they know a reliable mechanic. Contact your local Better Business Bureau to check a shop's reputation.
  • Before you take your car to the shop, pay attention to your car's problem. Be specific in describing your car's symptoms and tell the mechanic about any past repairs for similar trouble.
  • Although you may not fully understand the technical terms, listen to the mechanic's diagnosis carefully.
  • Don't be afraid to ask questions if you don't understand something.
  • Get a cost estimate in writing and instruct the mechanic to call for authorization before making repairs not listed on the original repair order.
  • If you believe the mechanic has recommended unnecessary work or you are dissatisfied with the estimate, get a second opinion. A second opinion is an especially good idea when your car needs major repairs.
  • If the mechanic recommends replacing certain parts, ask for the old parts. You may receive credit on some parts if the mechanic wants to keep them. However, some used parts may not have any credit value. It's a particularly good idea to keep the old parts if you are concerned unnecessary work is being done on your car. Remember, if you want the old parts returned, that information must be included on the repair order before the work begins.

Dealing with Disputes

Many disputes arise when consumers pick up their cars and see their service bills. How to avoid problems:

  • Make sure the repair order specifically lists the labor, parts and service performed. Be sure the repairs listed on the repair order cover all the problems you described.
  • If the work is guaranteed, get all the warranty information in writing on the repair order or bill.
  • If you do have a problem, such as the bill greatly exceeds the estimate or the repairs were made improperly, always go back to the original mechanic. Often, a dispute can be settled quickly and calmly. However, if the business refuses to correct the problem or answer your questions about the bill, then legal action may be appropriate.
  • Your options include contacting the Attorney General's Office, Better Business Bureau, local consumer affairs office of your district attorney or your own attorney.

Check with your local legal aid office, state and country bar associations, city or county consumer agency administrator, county prosecutor's office of consumer affairs or state Attorney General's office for brochures and explanations of specific laws in your state on this issue.

Lemon Law ^

Lemon Laws protects buyers of new motor vehicles by enforcing the manufacturer's expressed warranty. But not every state has lemon laws and these statutes vary from state to state. You will definitely need a qualified lawyer to represent you. To find someone close by who is the "right" lawyer, read "How to Hire the Right Lawyer" and contact the Center for Auto Safety 2001 S Street NW, Suite 410, Washington, DC 20009, 202-328-7700.

What Vehicles Are Covered?

All new vehicles sold or leased with warranty provisions are covered under the law, except for commercial and off-road vehicles, mopeds, motorcycles and the non-chassis portion of recreational vehicles. Also included are demonstrators or lease purchase vehicles as long as a manufacturer's warranty was issued as a condition of the sale.

A defect must affect the use, value or safety of the vehicle. The law applies while the vehicle is under the manufacturer's expressed warranty or up to one year after the date of delivery, whichever expires earlier. Some extended warranties are offered by the dealer or an insurance company--check with your dealer.

Vehicle Owner Responsibilities

New-vehicle owners must report problems or defects in writing to the manufacturer to use the provisions of the Lemon Law. The manufacturer must be permitted a "reasonable number" of attempts to correct the problem. Law defines this as:

  • The vehicle has been in the repair shop for the same problem four or more times and the problem still exists; or
  • The vehicle has been out of service because of a warranty repair for 30 or more working days since delivery, excluding delays that are beyond the manufacturer's control.
  • If the problem cannot be fixed in a "reasonable number of repair attempts," the manufacturer can offer you a cash refund or a vehicle of comparable value.
  • Usually dealerships can deduct a "reasonable allowance for the consumer's use of the vehicle" from the refund. The law also stipulates that a replacement vehicle must be acceptable to the consumer.

Refund Qualifications

If after repairs are made to your vehicle you still believe the vehicle does not conform to the warranty, but the manufacturer or dealer has indicated that it doesn't believe you are due a refund, then submit a complaint according to the manufacturer's informal dispute settlement procedure.

All three major American manufacturers have appeals procedures. These arbitration boards try to resolve problems consumers have with t manufacturer or dealer. The address and phone number of your manufacturer's consumer appeals or arbitration center are in your owner's manual.

During or at the end of the dispute procedure, the manufacturer may make a settlement offer. You must decide whether to accept the offer or to get a refund under the Lemon Law by going to court.

If you elect to go to court, the Lemon Law provides for a private cause of action. You must use a private lawyer to enforce your individual rights under the Lemon Law.

Before you can go to court under the Lemon Law, you first must have submitted your claim to the manufacturer¹s appeals procedure if it has one.

Tips

  • Before buying a car, check the warranty carefully. Some manufacturers offer only limited warranties.
  • Find out how long your car warranty lasts, what is covered and who will honor it.
  • Get a detailed repair order for all warranty work and keep it.
  • Use the same description each time you take your car in for the same problem.
  • Check with your local legal aid office, state and country bar associations, city or county consumer agency administrator, county prosecutor's office of consumer affairs or state Attorney General's office for brochures and explanations of specific laws in your state on this issue.

Odometer Rollback ^

As the price of new cars increases, many consumers are considering used cars. One factor most car shoppers consider is mileage.

However you need to watch out for odometer tampering.

To increase a used car's selling price, some unscrupulous dealers will roll back the odometer. Odometer tampering, which state and federal laws forbid, can be costly to consumers.

State Law Requirements

All state have law that require that a dealer or an individual selling a used car must reveal to a potential buyer:

  • Total number of miles registered on the odometer.
  • Whether the odometer reading accurately reflects the number of miles the vehicle has been driven.

It is illegal to:

  • Tamper with or reset an odometer with the intent to change the number of miles registered.
  • Drive with a non-functional odometer if the purpose is to defraud.

Checking for Rollbacks

Even if the seller appears to be honest it is a good idea to check out the car's history. You can do this by:

  • Requesting a title search from the Department of Motor Vehicles.
  • Asking dealers who sold the vehicle previously for copies of the vehicle's odometer disclosure forms.
  • Checking oil change stickers which are usually inside the door frame.
  • Checking the inspection sticker for mileage at vehicle's last inspection.
  • Taking the car to a trusted mechanic for an opinion.

Legal Remedies

If you believe you have been defrauded by an odometer rollback, you may sue in federal court under the federal Motor Vehicle Information Cost Savings Act or in state court.

In addition, most states law makes odometer rollbacks a felony. Criminal cases can be prosecuted by the Attorney General and county prosecutors.

Check with your local city or county consumer agency administrator, county prosecutor's office of consumer affairs or state Attorney General's office for specific laws in your state on this issue.

Used Cars

If you buy a used car one of the most important things to pay attention to is the Buyer's Guide.

The Federal Trade Commission requires dealers to display a Buyer's Guide in the window of each used car offered for sale. The guide lists the vehicle make, model, year and identification number.

The guide also includes a warranty section where one of two choices must be checked. The first is "as is--no warranty." The second choice is "warranty."

Warranty

If this block is checked, then the dealer is promising to pay some or all of the costs of repair on the car if repairs are needed within the warranty period. Under this block are two choices: "full warranty" or "limited warranty."

Full Warranty

If the full warranty block is checked, the dealer promises to:

Provide warranty service to anyone who owns the vehicle during the warranty period if a problem is reported.

Provide warranty service free of charge, including costs such as returning vehicle or removing and reinstalling a "covered" system when necessary.

Provide at the consumer's choice either a replacement or a full refund if the dealer is unable, after a reasonable number of tries, to repair the vehicle or a covered system.

Provide warranty service without requiring that consumers return a warranty registration card.

Not limit the duration of implied warranties.

A full warranty may not cover the entire vehicle. The dealer may specify certain systems for coverage (for example, electrical or brake system).

Limited Warranty

If any of the above conditions don't apply, then the dealer will check the block next to limited warranty. You are responsible for some repair costs of the covered system.

The dealer must fill in the percent of labor and the percent of parts that he will pay on a limited warranty, and must list the specific systems covered and the length or duration of the warranty (in terms of days or miles).

Implied Warranty

The Uniform Commercial Code adopted in all state implies certain warranties unless the seller of the car specifically disclaims or excludes these warranties. Implied warranties, which are somewhat technical, give you some rights to have the dealer take care of serious problems that are not apparent when you buy the car. A car with a full warranty must include the implied warranties, but not so if the car is sold with a limited warranty.

As Is: No Warranty

A dealer may sell a car "as is." There are no specific warranties, and the warranties normally implied by law do not apply. You are responsible for any repairs on an "as is" vehicle.

As an added precaution before buying a used car, ask the dealer to allow your mechanic to inspect the vehicle on the dealer's lot or elsewhere.

And remember, if you buy a car from a private individual, the sale is not covered by the FTC rule and you will not receive a Buyer's Guide. Most cars sold privately are sold "as is" and without any expressed warranties.

Check with your local legal aid office, state and country bar associations, city or county consumer agency administrator, county prosecutor's office of consumer affairs or state Attorney General's office for brochures and explanations of specific laws in your state on this issue.


CONSUMER FRAUD | INVESTMENT | HEALTH | AUTOMOBILES | HOME | ENTERTAINMENT | CONSUMER ACTION

Press here to visit The Consumer Law Page.

Was this helpful?

Copied to clipboard