United Defense ----------------------------------------
STANDARD POLICY NO. UDLP - COMP-003
----------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EFFECTIVE DATE: January 1, 1998
TITLE: REV. LEVEL: None
UDLP MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PLAN SUPERSEDES: None
APPLICABILITY: UDLP-Wide
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Description of Changes: Initial release
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS
PAGE #
2 MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PLAN
2 Philosophy
2 General Features
3 Setting Targets and Objectives
4 Business Performance Measurement
4 Strategic Performance Measurement
4 Incentive Calculation
4 Summary
MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PLAN
Philosophy
The UDLP Management Incentive Plan (often called the Bonus Plan) is a variable
cash based incentive plan designed to focus management attention on performance
factors important to the continued success of their business unit and the
company overall. Achievement of high standards of business and individual
performance should be rewarded financially and conversely, significant
compensation should be at risk for failing to achieve those high standards.
The opportunity to earn compensation in addition to base salary is an integral
part of our total compensation approach. The Management Incentive Plan serves as
a direct link between a participant's compensation and the performance of a
business unit or the company overall.
General Features
Participants are senior managers in a position to significantly affect the
performance of their business unit. These are generally managers with
responsibility across an entire business unit, i.e. headquarter executives;
division and other general managers; and selected functional managers at the
division, and headquarter levels. Only those participants who are full-time UDLP
employees at the end of the incentive period are eligible to receive an award.
1
Target incentive compensation is over and above the base salary. It is a
function of the annual results, both by the individual and the relevant business
unit.
Base salary levels are established using competitive comparisons. The target
incentive compensation, a percent of base salary, is similarly determined, thus
ensuring the competitiveness of UDLP's total target compensation. Base salary
and target annual incentives are considered competitive total compensation.
Actual incentive awards may range from zero to two hundred percent of target.
The target incentive percent varies from 15 to 65 percent of base salary,
depending on the participant's salary grade.
Incentive awards are not guaranteed. The plan requires reasonable risk on the
part of the participant, commensurate with potential reward-an opportunity to
raise total compensation significantly above the target opportunity.
Setting Targets and Objectives
Key to an effective and equitable management incentive plan are the quality,
realism and stretch of the targets and objectives. In setting these targets and
objectives we focus on high standards continuous improvement and participant
involvement.
Incentive award targets and performance measurements are built around two basic
factors: business performance (BPF) and strategic performance (SPF). The
weighting of those factors, can vary from one business unit to another,
reflecting the relative importance of business to individual performance for
that unit during any one incentive period. However at the present time, all
units are on 80% BPF and 20% SPF. Between them, business (BPF) and strategic
(SPF) performance factors total 100 percent.
The business performance factor (BPF) uses financial performance measures
important to the business unit. Currently, cash flow and Earnings Before
Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) are the primary business
performance measures. Budgets as well as past and expected future performance
results are the criteria used in setting BPF targets. Each business unit has its
own cash flow targets. These are reviewed and approved by headquarters.
Achievement of the business performance targets results in a 1.0 BPF rating.
Strategic performance (SPF) objectives are set annually for each participant.
They are intended to be significant results that need to be achieved if the
business unit's strategic and overall performance objectives are to be realized.
Strategic performance objectives are important personal objectives directly
related to a participant's major responsibilities. For example, these objectives
could include such areas as market and/or customer share improvement; cost
improvements; globalization; pricing; inventory levels; introduction or
improvement of products, processes or systems; health, safety and environmental
performance; management development; or
developing a diverse, innovative and productive team. In almost all cases, SPFs
should include a manager's responsibility for management development and
achieving the company's diversity objectives.
Business Performance Measurement
Actual business performance is adjusted to level the effect of currency
translations, accounting changes, R&D investments, acquisitions costs, land
sales, strategic restructuring costs, capital expenditures, etc. Adjusted
performance results are compared with the previously set targets and the zero
(0) and two (2.0) performance levels. This comparison results in a business
performance factor (BPF) rating for each business unit that is somewhere on a
scale of zero to two.
Strategic Performance Measurement
Strategic performance (SPF) objectives are mutually agreed to by the participant
and his or her manager. These objectives, should be documented, along with the
results expected and measurements to be used. In rating SPF performance,
achievement of SPF objectives, overall job performance, response to unplanned
major events and contributions to the overall management team are all to be
considered. Performance is rated using the entire zero to two spectrum. Guides
for strategic performance rating are provided.
Incentive Calculation
To determine a participant's incentive, both performance factors, BPF and SPF
are rated and weighted according to the predetermined split. The two results are
totalled and multiplied by the participant's incentive-year base salary earnings
(pro-rated for partial-year participation) to determine the actual incentive.
Summary
UDLP's Management Incentive Plan is a major element in its Compensation system.
This plan is an integral part of our competitive total compensation program,
offering incentives and rewards offset by commensurate risk.
Participants are individually selected from among those managers whose decisions
significantly affect UDLP's performance.
Business and strategic performance targets and objectives are set in areas that
require focus and emphasis in the current year including actions intended to
execute longer term strategies. Performance is rigorously measured against the
targets, objectives and on an overall basis.
Both business unit and individual performance affect incentive awards.
Business Performance Factor
Guidelines for Objective Setting and Evaluation
The 1.0 targets are the levels at which the unit is expected to perform for the
year. Each
unit's budget is the primary starting point for 1.0 target levels. No incentive
is paid for results at or below the zero level, and twice the target incentive
is paid for results at or above the 2.0 level.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Factor Example Targets at:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 1.0 2.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash Flow 41.8 Mil 63.4 Mil 106.5 Mil
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earnings Before Interest,
Taxes, Depreciation and
Amortization (EBITDA) 61.8 Mil 65.7 Mil 69.6 Mil
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. The 1.0 targets are established at levels judged to have a 50/50
chance of attainment and the zero and 2.0 extremes are balanced in
terms of reasonable achievement and relative risk.
. Targets are first developed by division management. The CEO and
appropriate staff discuss the targets and agree upon zero, one and
two levels.
. In determining the business performance ratings, actual
performance is adjusted to level the effect of currency
translations, accounting changes, R&D investments, acquisition
costs, land sales, strategic restructuring costs, capital
expenditures, etc.
. Adjusted performance results are compared with targets which
results in a BPF rating for each business unit that is somewhere
on the scale of zero to two.
STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE FACTOR
Guidelines for Objective Setting and Evaluation
Each participant submits strategic performance objectives in
writing to his/her manager. Performance objectives are based on the major
responsibilities assigned to the individual and are related to the business
units strategic and/or UDLP's overall performance objectives.
. To develop individual performance objectives, each participant
must understand and commit to the operating units business and
human resources strategies.
. Participants should review their major responsibility areas. Each
MRA should be reviewed to determine the results that must be
accomplished to ensure the business unit meets or exceeds its
operating and strategic objectives. This activity assists in
identifying high-priority performance needs.
. The two to five most important individual objectives should be
submitted to the next higher level manager for review and
approval.
Objectives should state results required ensuring that the
performance can be measured. In many cases, measurement of results can not be
quantified. When this quantification is not possible, there should be a clear
statement of the criteria that will be used to judge the accomplishment of the
SPF. For example, if the SPF is to develop a strategic plan, success is not
determined primarily by a plan being developed on time but rather the quality of
thinking that the plan portrays. The SPF should lay out the criteria to
determine the quality.
Measurements enable the participant and manager to determine
whether the objective or a portion of the objective has been successfully
achieved.
. Objectives should be stated in measurable terms and should include
timing.
. Objectives should identify specific achievements expected and not
merely restate major responsibilities or plans to accomplish them.
. Objectives should be realistic with some stretch and be based on
actual conditions.
. The degree of difficulty may vary among the objectives. A priority
ranking or assessment of relative difficulty, included in the
objectives statement, will be of value during the review to
determine the strategic performance factor rating.
In determining the strategic performance rating, the following are
considered:
. The accomplishment of annual objectives and the significance of
those objectives to overall business unit results.
. Degree of difficulty of the objectives.
. Overall performance of major responsibilities including
self-development.
. Performance in response to unanticipated circumstances or
opportunities.
. Contributions to the management team and important corporate
initiatives.
Two exhibits are included to use in the SPF rating process.
Guidelines for Evaluating Overall Performance: creates five general levels of
performance with definitions of possible performance and a suggested range of
ratings for each.
Guidelines for Evaluating Objectives: shows a matrix of the five SPF levels
against four possible degrees of difficulty for the objectives being evaluated
and a guideline range of ratings for each.
GUIDELINES FOR REVIEWING OVERALL PERFORMANCE
FOR STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE RATING (SPF)
Overall performance considerably less than standard. Did not meet objectives 0 to .5
primarily because of own performance. Performance in unplanned circumstances was
below expectations. Individual did not demonstrate satisfactory improvement
during the year.
Overall performance of major position responsibilities did not meet all .5 to .9
expectations. Some objectives achieved but not in a totally satisfactory manner.
Measurable progress made during the year and current progress is satisfactory.
Overall performance of major responsibilities meets current standards. .9 to 1.1
Objectives substantially met, especially those of greater significance to
business objectives. Performance in unplanned circumstances met or exceeded
expectations.
Overall performance consistently met or exceeded standards for all 1.1 to 1.5
responsibilities. Objectives were generally exceeded during the year. Function
for which responsible has shown significant progress. Significant unplanned
circumstances occurred during the year and related performance exceeded
expectations.
Outstanding performance in all aspects of current job. All objectives exceeded 1.5 to 2.0
with recognition of these accomplishments. Has demonstrated success of at least
one major breakthrough or significant project. Professional performer on all job
functions and recognized as such by peers and superiors.
GUIDELINES FOR REVIEWING SPECIFIC ANNUAL
OBJECTIVES FOR STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE RATING (SPF)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DEGREE OF CHALLENGE IN OBJECTIVES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BELOW UDLP AT UDLP UNUSUALLY
ACCOMPLISHMENT STANDARD STANDARD STRETCH DEMANDING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Met or exceeded all objectives 0.9-1.1 1.2-1.4 1.5-1.6 1.7-2.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Met objectives 0.7-0.8 0.9-1.1 1.2-1.4 1.5-1.7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Met objectives with few 0.5-0.6 0.7-0.8 0.9-1.1 1.2-1.4
exceptions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Met some objectives, fell 0.3-0.4 0.5-0.6 0.7-0.8 1.0-1.1
short in others
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Failed to meet most, fell 0-0.2 0.3-0.4 0.5-0.6 0.7-0.9
short in other objectives
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE PLAN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION
1. Who is eligible to participate in our management incentive plan?
Participation is for those in a position to significantly influence the
performance of their business units.
Headquarter participants are generally line or staff managers in grade 26
or above who report to a Company officer.
Division and operating unit participants are department heads with
functional responsibility for the entire division or business unit. They
usually report directly to the division or general manager.
2. How are participants added?
Participants must meet the eligibility requirements specified above.
Individual participation requires CEO approval.
3. What happens if a participant retires or dies during a plan year?
Generally, payment of an award is made only if the participant is an
employee at year-end. However, prorated payments are made to participants
who retires or to survivors in the case of death of the participant.
Normal calculation procedures are used. The prorated share is paid at the
same time that active participants receive their awards. Managers should
compute a participant's final year incentive using the current years
business performance factor and strategic performance factor ratings.
4. What are the guidelines for employees who transfer from one business unit
to another during the plan year?
Ratings are determined at each unit using the pertinent information
(performance ratings, weightings, base earnings, total ratings and actual
incentive). The transferring unit sends this information to the new unit.
Awards are paid by the new unit. The appropriate proration of the award is
charged to the transferring unit.
TARGET INCENTIVE
1. What is target incentive compensation? Why do we have it?
Target incentive represents a specific percentage of a participant's base
salary. The target establishes the cash incentive opportunity for 1.0
performance. Target incentive percentages are established to ensure a
competitive total compensation opportunity.
2. Target incentive opportunities generally range from a minimum of 15% to a
maximum of 65% of base salary earnings. What is the rationale for this?
Higher incentive percentages at higher responsibility levels is consistent
with the competitive practice of placing more of the higher level manager's
total compensation at risk.
3. Actual awards can range from 0 to 200 percent of the target Why establish
these limits?
The 1.0 target performance corresponds to business or individual results
that are judged to have a 50-50 chance of being achieved. This level
represents a competitive incentive compensation opportunity. The lower
limit of 0 preserves the participant's base salary and other compensation.
The 2.0 limit protects against unanticipated windfalls and the inexactitude
of the target setting process. It assures our shareholders that
compensation will not be excessive.
BUSINESS PERFORMANCE FACTOR (BPF)
1. How does UDLP ensure that long-term business performance is not affected by
the short-term focus of the plan?
Research, business development and other significant strategic investments
essential for the long-term growth of a business unit are considered in the
target setting process.
2. Business performance targets are finalized early in the year. Can they be
changed during the plan year?
These are normally not changed during the year.
STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE FACTOR (SPF)
1. What are Strategic Performance Objectives?
They are a set of individual performance objectives established early
each year by participants and their managers.
SPF objectives include a few significant result level objectives that
support the business unit or company strategies. These are not usually
financial objectives, but they should be quantifiable. These
objectives could include market share and cost improvements,
diversity, management development, globalization, operational
effectiveness, and product development, etc.
2. How does the rating of the strategic performance factor relate to the
performance management (appraisal) process?
Each evaluation is developed separately and at different times. These
evaluations differ in the following significant ways:
. SPF ratings apply to incentive plan participants only. This SPF
rating considers performance of overall responsibilities,
performance in unanticipated circumstances, contributions to
management team as well as attainment of specific strategic
performance objectives. Determination of the SPF rating includes
both the degree of success and the degree of difficulty.
. Performance appraisal ratings (needs improvement, good, etc.)
apply to all salaried personnel. The primary purpose is to assess
the total individual contribution and overall performance results
in order to develop the individual's capabilities and
contributions.
3. UDLP talks about stretch objectives. How does the company reward a
participant for setting and hitting (or almost hitting) tougher objectives?
Achievement of tougher objectives receives a higher strategic performance
factor rating, which translates into a higher incentive award. For example,
a participant who sets unusually demanding objectives and then misses one
might receive a 1.4 SPF rating. A participant who sets more easily achieved
objectives and then hits them all might receive 1.0 SPF rating.
WEIGHTING OF PERFORMANCE FACTORS
1. Do participants ever have their incentive calculated based on the results
of more than one unit or organizational level? If so, why?
Yes, in order to recognize the interdependence and the need for cooperation
between units or organizational levels. This approach also recognizes a
participant's responsibility for the performance of more than one business
unit.
The relative weightings of such split factors are determined by the
relative influence the participant has upon the results of each unit or
level. Participants who transfer during a plan year generally have their
incentives calculated with two separate components. They will use the
formula factors and weighting associated with both positions.
2. How are weights established for SPF and BPF?
Theoretically, the weights for these factors vary from one business unit to
another, reflecting the relative importance of each factor to that unit
during any one incentive period. At the present time, because of the need
to attain certain financial results, BPF is 80% with SPF 20%.
3. How are weights established for the financial measures?
Within the business performance factor, performance measures are weighted
depending on their relative contribution to a particular business. For
example, in the immediate years following the sale of UDLP to Carlyle,
buying down the debt was the most important financial objective, hence
there was only one financial measure, cash flow.
INCENTIVE AWARD CALCULATION - EXAMPLE
Your Strategic Performance Factor (SPF) is weighted at 20% and Business
Performance Factor (BPF) weighted at 80%. Within the BPF, Cash Flow (CF)
and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
are weighted 70% and 30%, respectively. This year, the Cash Flow rating was
1.74 and the EBITDA was 2.00.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your SPF rating was: 1.80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your Incentive Award Eligible Earnings were: $130,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your Incentive Award Target Percentage is: 25%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your Incentive Award Target Amount was: $ 32,500
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INCENTIVE AWARD CALCULATIONS
----------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) WEIGHTED SPF DETERMINATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Your SPF Rating X SPF Weight Weighted SPF Rating
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.80 X .20 36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) WEIGHTED CCF/EBITDA DETERMINATIONS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CF contribution below, is the BPF weight times the CF weight; EBITDA
Contribution below, is the BPF weight times the EBITDA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CF Contribution EBITDA Contribution
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted Rating X Weight = Rating Weighted Rating X Weight = Rating
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.74 X .56 = .9744 2.00 X .24 = .48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) WEIGHTED CCF/EBITDA DETERMINATIONS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CF contribution below, is the BPF weight times the CF weight; EBITDA
Contribution below, is the BPF weight times the EBITDA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CF Contribution EBITDA Contribution
------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
Weighted Rating X Weight = Rating Weighted Rating X Weight = Rating
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.74 X .56 = .9744 2.00 X .24 = .48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) YOUR AWARD DETERMINATION (ROUNDED TO NEAREST DOLLAR):
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TARGET AMOUNT X Total Rating = Actual Incentive Award
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Target Amount X Total Rating = Actual Incentive Award
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$32,500 1.8144 $58,968
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approval: SIGNED ORIGINAL ON FILE IN ARLINGTON OFFICE 1/1/98
-------------------------------------------
Robert N. Sankovich, Vice President, Human Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Responsible Function: Human Resources
Revalidation Date: July 2001
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------