Bylaws – Marathon Oil
MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
BY-LAWS
February 23, 2011
ARTICLE I.
Stockholders.
Section 1.1 Time and Place of Meetings of Stockholders. Unless the time and
place of the annual meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing
directors and transacting such other business as may be brought before the
meeting are changed by the Board of Directors, as may be done from time to time,
provided that all legal requirements for such change and notice to stockholders
are observed, such annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation shall be
held at the office of the Corporation153s registered agent in the State of
Delaware at 2 o153clock p.m., on the last Wednesday in April in each year, if not
a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on the next succeeding Wednesday
which is not a legal holiday.
Special meetings of the stockholders (i) may be called at any time by the
Board of Directors and (ii) shall be called by the chairman of the Board of
Directors or the chief executive officer of the Corporation following receipt by
the secretary of the Corporation of a written request of a holder or holders of
not less than twenty-five percent of the outstanding shares of the Corporation153s
common stock. Any such request by a stockholder or stockholders to call a
special meeting must: (i) be accompanied by proof of ownership of record of not
less than twenty-five percent of the outstanding shares of the Corporation153s
common stock; (ii) specify the matter or matters to be acted upon at such
meeting, each of which must be a proper subject for stockholder action under
applicable law, which specification must include the complete text of any
resolution or any amendment to any document applicable to the Corporation
intended to be presented at the meeting; (iii) state the reasons for conducting
such business at a special meeting of stockholders; and (iv) provide any other
information which may be required pursuant to these By-laws or any other
information with respect to the matter or matters requested to be acted upon
which may be required to be disclosed under the Delaware General Corporation Law
or included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission, and, as to each stockholder requesting the meeting and
each other person, if any, who is a beneficial owner of the shares held by such
stockholder, (a) their name and address, (b) the class and number of shares of
the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record, and (c) any material
interest in the business to be brought before the meeting. Without limiting
the generality of the foregoing: (a) in the case of any such request to call a
special meeting for the purpose of (or for multiple purposes that include)
considering any nominee or nominees to serve on the Board of Directors, such
request shall set forth all the information required to be included in a notice
to which the provisions of the fourth sentence of Section 1.3 of these By-laws
apply, and the provisions of the fifth sentence of Section 1.4 of these By-laws
shall be applicable; and (b) in the case of any such request to call a special
meeting for other purpose or purposes, such request shall set forth all the
information required to be included in a notice to which the provisions of the
sixth sentence of Section 1.4 of these By-laws apply.
Neither the annual meeting nor any special meeting of stockholders need be
held within the State of Delaware.
Any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the
stockholders of the Corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual
or special meeting of the stockholders or otherwise, may not be taken without a
meeting, prior notice and a vote, and stockholders may not act by written
consent.
Section 1.2 Notice of Meetings of Stockholders. It shall be the duty of the
Secretary to cause notice of each annual or special meeting to be mailed to all
stockholders of record as of the record date as fixed by the Board of Directors
for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting. Such
notice shall indicate briefly the action to be taken at such meeting and shall
be mailed to the stockholders at the addresses of such stockholders as shown on
the books of the Corporation at least 10 days but not more than 60 days
preceding the meeting. Only matters stated in the notice of a special meeting of
the stockholders shall be brought before and acted upon at the meeting. Any such
notice may be satisfied by electronic transmission, subject to the requirements
of Section 232 of the DGCL.
Section 1.3. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in
accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as
directors. Nomination for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation
at a meeting of stockholders may be made by the Board of Directors or by any
stockholder of record of the Corporation entitled to vote generally for the
election of directors at such meeting who complies with the notice procedures
set forth in this Section 1.3. Such nominations, other than those made by or on
behalf of the Board of Directors, shall be made by notice in writing delivered
or mailed by first-class United States mail, postage prepaid, to the Secretary,
and received not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first
anniversary of the date on which the Corporation first mailed its proxy
materials for the preceding year153s annual meeting of stockholders; provided,
however, that if the date of the annual meeting is advanced more than 30 days
prior to or delayed by more than 30 days after the anniversary of the preceding
year153s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so
delivered not later than the close of business on the later of (i) the
90th day prior to such annual meeting or (ii) the 10th
day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such
2
meeting is first made. Such notice shall set forth (a) as to each proposed
nominee (i) the name, age, business address and, if known, residence address of
each such nominee, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of each such
nominee, (iii) the number of shares of each class of the capital stock of the
Corporation which are beneficially owned by each such nominee, and (iv) any
other information concerning the nominee that must be disclosed as to nominees
in proxy solicitations pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended (including such person153s written consent to be named as
a nominee and to serve as a director if elected); and (b) as to the stockholder
giving the notice (i) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation153s
books, of such stockholder, (ii) the number of shares of each class of the
capital stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by such
stockholder, (iii) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding
relating to any hedging or other transaction or series of transactions
(including any derivative or short position profit interest, option, hedging
transaction or borrowing or lending of shares) that has been entered into or
made by such stockholder, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss,
manage risk or benefit from share price changes or to increase or decrease the
voting power of such stockholder or any of its Stockholder Associated Persons
(as defined in Section 1.4), in any case with respect to any share of stock of
the Corporation, and (iv) a description of any agreement, arrangement or
understanding with respect to such nomination between or among the stockholder
and any of its Stockholder Associated Persons, and any others (including their
names) acting in concert with any of the foregoing. In addition, the notice
shall include a representation that the stockholder will notify the Corporation
in writing of any change in any of the information referenced above in this
Section 1.3 as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later
of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly
disclosed. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such
other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine
the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the
Corporation. The provisions of this Section 1.3 regarding the timeliness of
nominations by a stockholder shall apply to each such nomination, regardless of
whether a stockholder making such nomination (i) desires to have such nomination
reflected in the Corporation153s proxy statement for the meeting at which such
nomination is to be made or (ii) intends to prepare separate proxy materials.
The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the
foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the
meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
Section 1.4. Notice of Business at Annual Meetings. At an annual meeting of
the stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall have been
properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before an annual
meeting, business must be (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any
supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors,
(b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by a
3
stockholder of record. For business to be properly brought before an annual
meeting by a stockholder, if such business relates to the election of directors
of the Corporation, the procedures in Article I, Section 1.3 must be complied
with. If such business relates to any other matter, the stockholder must have
given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary. To be timely, a
stockholder153s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more
than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date on which the
Corporation first mailed its proxy materials for the preceding year153s annual
meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that if the date of the annual
meeting is advanced more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 30 days
after the anniversary of the preceding year153s annual meeting, notice by the
stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of
business on the later of (i) the 90th day prior to such annual
meeting or (ii) the 10th day following the day on which public
announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. A stockholder153s notice
to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to
bring before the annual meeting (a) a brief description of the business desired
to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such
business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the
Corporation153s books, of the stockholder proposing such business, (c) the number
of shares of each class of the capital stock of the Corporation which are
beneficially owned by the stockholder, (d) any material interest of the
stockholder in such business and any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined
below), individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to
the stockholder or the Stockholder Associated Person therefrom, and (e) a
description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding relating to any
hedging or other transaction or series of transactions (including any derivative
or short position profit interest, option, hedging transaction or borrowing or
lending of shares) that has been entered into or made, the effect or intent of
which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from share price changes or to
increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder or any such
Stockholder Associated Person, in any case with respect to any share of stock of
the Corporation. In addition, the notice shall include a, representation that
the stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing of any change in any of
the information referenced above in this Section 1.4 as of the record date for
the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice
of the record date is first publicly disclosed. With respect to the stockholder
giving notice of proposal which includes any Stockholder Associated Person
covered by clauses (d) or (e) of this paragraph of this Section 1.4, the
stockholder must give notice of (i) the name and address of such Stockholder
Associated Person, if any, (ii) the number of shares of each class of capital
stock of the Corporation owned by such Stockholder Associated Person, if any,
and (iii) to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and
address of any other stockholder supporting the proposal of other business on
the date of such stockholder153s notice. Notwithstanding anything in the By-laws
to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting except in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 1.4 and in Section 1.3
of this Article I and except that any stockholder proposal which complies with
Rule 14a-8 of the
4
proxy rules (or any successor provision) promulgated under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is to be included in the Corporation153s
proxy statement for an annual meeting of stockholders shall be deemed to comply
with the requirements of this Section 1.4. Without limiting the generality of
the foregoing, the provisions of this Section 1.4 regarding the timeliness of a
stockholder153s notice for a matter to be brought before an annual meeting shall
apply to each such matter to be brought before the meeting, regardless of
whether the stockholder proposing to bring the matter before the meeting
(i) desires to have such matter reflected in the Corporation153s proxy statement
for such meeting or (ii) intends to prepare separate proxy materials. Nothing in
Section 1.3 or in this Section 1.4 shall be deemed to give any stockholder the
right to have any nomination or proposal included in any proxy statement
prepared by the Corporation, and, to the extent any such right exists under
applicable law or governmental regulation, such right shall be limited to the
right provided under such applicable law or governmental regulation.
The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare to the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting
in accordance with the provisions of this Section 1.4, and if he should so
determine, the chairman shall so declare to the meeting that any such business
not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.
For purposes of Section 1.3 and Section 1.4, “Stockholder Associated Person”
of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person acting in concert with such
stockholder, (ii) any person who beneficially owns shares of stock of the
Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder and (iii) any
person controlling, controlled by or under common control, directly or
indirectly, such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person described in
clause (i) or (ii) of this definition.
Section 1.5. Quorum. At each meeting of the stockholders the holders of
one-third of the voting power of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to
vote generally at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum, unless the representation of a larger number shall be
required by law, and, in that case, the representation of the number so required
shall constitute a quorum.
Except as otherwise required by law, a majority of the voting power of the
shares of stock entitled to vote generally at a meeting and present in person or
by proxy, whether or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn, from time to time,
without notice other than by announcement at the meeting. At any such adjourned
meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which
might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
Section 1.6. Organization. The chairman of the Board, or in his absence an
officer-director of the Board designated by the chairman of the Board, or the
chief executive officer in the order named, shall call meetings of the
stockholders to order, and shall act as chairman of such meeting; provided,
however, that the
5
Board of Directors may appoint any person to act as chairman of any meeting
in the absence of the chairman of the Board.
The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary at all meetings of
the stockholders; but in the absence of the Secretary at any meeting of the
stockholders the presiding officer may appoint any person to act as secretary of
the meeting.
Section 1.7. Voting. At each meeting of the stockholders, every stockholder
shall be entitled to vote in person, or by proxy appointed by instrument in
writing, subscribed by such stockholder or by his duly authorized attorney, or,
to the extent permitted by law, appointed by an electronic transmission, and
delivered to the inspectors at the meeting; and such stockholder shall have the
number of votes for each share of capital stock standing registered in such
stockholder153s name at the date fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to
Section 4.4 of Article IV of these By-laws as may be determined in accordance
with the Corporation153s Certificate of Incorporation, or as may be provided by
law. Voting at meetings of stockholders must be by written ballot in all
elections of directors, but otherwise need not be by written ballot unless the
Board of Directors, in its discretion, by resolution so requires or, in the case
of any such meeting, the chairman of that meeting, in his or her discretion, so
requires. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may authorize the
requirement of a written ballot in any case to be satisfied by electronic
transmission, subject to the requirements of Section 211(e) of the DGCL.
At least ten days before each meeting of the stockholders, a full, true and
complete list, in alphabetical order, of all of the stockholders entitled to
vote at such meeting, showing the address of each stockholder, and indicating
the class and number of shares held by each, shall be furnished and held open
for inspection in such manner, as is required by law. Only the persons in whose
names shares of stock stand on the books of the Corporation at the date fixed by
the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 4.4 of Article IV of these By-laws,
as evidenced in the manner provided by law, shall be entitled to vote in person
or by proxy on the shares so standing in their names.
Prior to any meeting, but subsequent to the date fixed by the Board of
Directors pursuant to Section 4.4 of Article IV of these By-laws, any proxy may
submit his powers of attorney to the secretary, or to the treasurer, for
examination. The certificate of the secretary, or of the treasurer, as to the
regularity of such powers of attorney, and as to the class and number of shares
held by the persons who severally and respectively executed such powers of
attorney, shall be received as prima facie evidence of the class and number of
shares represented by the holder of such powers of attorney for the purpose of
establishing the presence of a quorum at such meeting and of organizing the
same, and for all other purposes.
Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each
director shall be elected by the vote of a majority of the votes cast with
respect to the director at any meeting for the election of directors at which a
quorum is present; provided, however, that the directors shall be elected by the
vote of a
6
plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting
and entitled to vote on the election of directors if, in connection with such
meeting (i) the Secretary of the Corporation shall have received a notice that a
stockholder has nominated a person for election to the Board in compliance with
the advance-notice requirements for stockholder nominees for director set forth
in Section 1.3 and (ii) such nomination shall not have been withdrawn by such
stockholder on or prior to the day next preceding the date the Corporation first
mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders of the
Corporation. If directors are to be elected by a plurality of the votes cast
pursuant to the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence, stockholders
shall not be provided the option to vote against any one or more of the
nominees, but shall only be provided the option to vote for one or more of the
nominees or withhold their votes with respect to one or more of the nominees.
For purposes hereof, a majority of the votes cast means that the number of
shares voted “for” a director must exceed the number of votes cast “against”
that director. (Accordingly, abstentions will not be taken into account for this
purpose.)
In the case of any question to which the stockholder approval policy of any
national securities exchange or quotation system on which capital stock of the
Corporation is traded or quoted on the Corporation153s application, the
requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any
provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the rules and
regulations thereunder (the “Code”) applies, in each case for which question the
Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws or the DGCL does not specify a
higher voting requirement, that question will be decided by the requisite vote
that stockholder approval policy, Exchange Act requirement or Code provision, as
the case may be, specifies, or the highest requisite vote if more than one
applies.
A majority of the votes of the shares present in person at the meeting and
those represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the question whether to
approve the appointment of independent public accountants, if that question is
submitted for a vote of stockholders, will be sufficient to approve.
All other elections, proposals and questions which have properly come before
any meeting will, unless the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-laws or
applicable law otherwise provides, be decided by a majority of the votes of the
shares present in person at the meeting and those represented by proxy and
entitled to vote at that meeting.
Section 1.8. Inspectors. At each meeting of the stockholders, the polls shall
be opened and closed, the proxies and ballots shall be received and be taken in
charge, and all questions touching the qualification of voters and the validity
of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes, shall be decided by one or
more inspectors. Such inspector or inspectors shall be appointed by the Board of
Directors before the meeting. If for any reason any of the inspectors previously
appointed shall fail to attend or refuse or be unable to serve, inspectors in
place of any so failing to attend or refusing or unable to serve, shall be
appointed in like manner.
7
Section 1.9. Approval or Ratification of Acts or Contracts by Stockholders.
The Board, in its discretion, may submit any act or contract for approval or
ratification at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of
stockholders called for the purpose of considering any such act or contract,
and, except as applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation otherwise
provides, any act or contract that the holders of shares of stock of the
Corporation present in person or by proxy at that meeting and having a majority
of the votes entitled to vote on that approval or ratification approve or ratify
will, provided that a quorum is present, be as valid and as binding on the
Corporation and on all stockholders as if every stockholder had approved or
ratified it.
Section 1.10. Conduct of Meetings. The Board may adopt by resolution such
rules and regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it deems
appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with those rules and regulations,
if any, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders will have the right and
authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such
acts as, in the judgment of that chairman, are appropriate for the proper
conduct of that meeting. Those rules, regulations or procedures, by whomever so
adopted, may include the following:
(a) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting;
(b) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety
of those present;
(c) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to
stockholders of record, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such
other persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine;
(d) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the
commencement thereof; and
(e) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
participants.
Except to the extent the Board or the chairman of any meeting otherwise
prescribes, no rules of parliamentary procedure will govern any meeting of
stockholders.
ARTICLE II.
Board of Directors.
Section 2.1. Number, Classes and Terms of Office. The business and affairs of
the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of
Directors.
The number of directors shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the
Board, but the number thereof shall not be less than three.
At the 2007 annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the successors
of the directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be elected
8
for a term expiring at the 2008 annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Corporation; at the 2008 annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation,
the successors of the directors whose terms expire at that meeting shall be
elected for a term expiring at the 2009 annual meeting of the stockholders of
the Corporation; and at each annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Corporation thereafter, the directors shall be elected for terms expiring at the
next succeeding annual meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation.
In the case of any increase in the number of directors of the Corporation,
the additional director or directors shall be elected only by the Board.
Section 2.2. Vacancies. Except as otherwise provided by law, in the case of
any vacancy in the Board through death, resignation, disqualification or other
cause, a successor to hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the
director whose place shall be vacant, and until the election of his successor,
shall be elected only by a majority of the Board then in office, though less
than a quorum.
Section 2.3. Removal. Directors of the Corporation may be removed with or
without cause.
Section 2.4. Retirements. No director shall continue to serve on the Board
beyond the last day of the annual stockholder election term during which such
director attains the age of 72, except that a former chief executive officer of
the Corporation shall not continue to serve on the Board beyond the last day of
the annual stockholder election term during which the age of 70 is attained.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, officer-directors, other than a chief executive
officer, shall retire from the Board at the time such officer-director ceases to
be a principal officer of the Corporation.
Section 2.5 Place of Meetings, etc. The Board may hold its meetings, and may
have an office and keep the books of the Corporation (except as otherwise may be
provided for by law) in such place or places in the State of Delaware or outside
of the State of Delaware, as the Board from time to time may determine.
Section 2.6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at
such times as may be fixed by resolution of the Board. The Secretary shall give
notice, as provided for special meetings, for each regular meeting.
Section 2.7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board shall be held
whenever called by direction of the chairman of the Board, an officer-director,
chief executive officer, or a majority of the directors then in office.
The Secretary shall give notice of each special meeting by mailing the same
at least two days before the meeting, or by telegraph, telecopier, electronic
transmission or other communications device at least one day before the meeting,
to each director; but such notice may be waived by any director. Unless
otherwise indicated in the notice thereof, any and all business may be
transacted at a special meeting. At any meeting at which every director shall be
present, even though without any notice, any business may be transacted.
Section 2.8. Telephonic and Other Meetings. Members of the Board may hold and
participate in any Board meeting by means of conference telephone or
9
other communications equipment that permits all persons participating in the
meeting to hear each other, and participation of any director in a meeting under
this Section 2.8 will constitute the presence in person of that director at that
meeting for purposes of these By-laws, except in the case of a director who so
participates only for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the
meeting, to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has
not been called or convened in accordance with applicable law or these By-laws.
Section 2.9. Quorum. A majority of the total number of directors then in
office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; but if at any
meeting of the Board there be less than a quorum present, a majority of those
present may adjourn the meeting from time to time.
At any meeting of the Board all matters shall be decided by the affirmative
vote of a majority of directors then present, provided, that the affirmative
vote of at least one-third of all the directors then in office shall be
necessary for the passage of any resolution.
Section 2.10. Order of Business. At meetings of the Board business shall be
transacted in such order as, from time to time, the Board may determine by
resolution.
At all meetings of the Board, the chairman of the Board, or in his absence an
officer-director designated by the chairman of the Board, or the chief executive
officer, in the order named, shall preside.
Section 2.11. Compensation of Directors. Each director of the Corporation who
is not a salaried officer or employee of the Corporation, or of a subsidiary of
the Corporation, shall receive such allowances for serving as a director and
such fees for attendance at meetings of the Board or any committee appointed by
the Board as the Board may from time to time determine.
Section 2.12. Board Committees.
(a) The Board may, by resolution or by election of a majority vote, designate
one or more Board Committees consisting of one or more of the directors. The
Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any Board
Committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of
that committee. The member or members present at any meeting of any Board
Committee and not disqualified from voting at that meeting may, whether or not
constituting a quorum, unanimously appoint another director to act at that
meeting in any place of any member of that committee who is absent from or
disqualified to vote at that meeting.
(b) The Board by resolution may change the membership of any Board Committee
at any time and fill vacancies on any of those committees. A majority of the
members of any Board Committee will constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business by that committee unless the Board by resolution requires a greater
number for that purpose. The Board by resolution may elect a chairman of any
Board Committee. Except as expressly provided in these By-laws, the election or
appointment of any director to a Board Committee will not create any contract
rights of that director, and the Board153s removal of any
10
member of any Board Committee will not prejudice any contract rights that
member otherwise may have.
(c) Under Section 2.12(a) hereof, the Board may designate an executive
committee to exercise, subject to applicable provisions of law, any or all of
the powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the
Corporation when the Board is not in session.
(d) Each other Board Committee the Board of Directors may designate under
Section 2.12(a) hereof will, subject to applicable provisions of law, have and
may exercise all the powers and authorities of the Board to the extent the Board
of Directors153 resolution designating that committee so provides.
(e) Board Committee Rules; Minutes. Unless the Board otherwise provides, each
Board Committee may make, alter and repeal rules for the conduct of its
business. In the absence of those rules, each Board Committee will conduct its
business in the same manner as the Board of Directors conducts its business
under Article II. Each committee will keep regular minutes of its meetings and
will report the same to the Board of Directors as a whole.
ARTICLE III.
Officers.
Section 3.1. Officers. The principal officers of the Corporation will be
elected by the Board and shall include a chief executive officer, president,
chief accounting officer, chief financial officer, vice presidents, general
counsel, secretary and treasurer. All other offices, titles, powers and duties
with respect to principal officers shall be determined by the Board from time to
time. Each principal officer who shall be a member of the Board of Directors
shall be considered an officer-director.
The Board of Directors or any Board Committee or officer designated by it may
appoint such other officers as necessary, who shall have such authority and
shall perform such duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by or
with the authority of the Board of Directors.
One person may hold two or more offices.
In its discretion, the Board of Directors may leave unfilled any office.
All officers, agents and employees shall be subject to removal at any time by
the Board of Directors. All officers, agents and employees, other than officers
elected by the Board of Directors, shall hold office at the discretion of the
committee or of the officer appointing them.
Each of the salaried officers of the Corporation shall devote his entire
time, skill and energy to the business of the Corporation, unless the contrary
is expressly consented to by the Board of Directors.
11
Section 3.2. Powers and Duties of the Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the
Board of Directors, the chief executive officer of the Corporation shall be in
general charge of the affairs of the Corporation.
Section 3.3. Powers and Duties of the President. Subject to the chief
executive officer and the Board of Directors, the president shall have such
duties as may be assigned by the Board.
Section 3.4. Powers and Duties of the Chief Accounting Officer and Chief
Financial Officer. The chief accounting officer and chief financial officer
shall each have such authority and shall perform such duties, as may be assigned
by the Board.
Section 3.5. Powers and Duties of the General Counsel. The general counsel
shall be the chief consulting officer of the Corporation in all legal matters,
and, subject to the Board of Directors, shall have general control of all
matters of legal import concerning the Corporation.
Section 3.6. Powers and Duties of the Treasurer. Subject to the officer
designated by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall have custody of all
the funds and securities of the Corporation which may have come into the hand of
the Corporation; when necessary or proper he or she shall endorse, or cause to
be endorsed, on behalf of the Corporation, for collection, checks, notes and
other obligations, and shall cause the deposit of same to the credit of the
Corporation in such bank or banks or depositary as the Board of Directors may
designate or as the Board of Directors by resolution may authorize; he or she
shall sign all receipts and vouchers for payments made to the Corporation other
than routine receipts and vouchers, the signing of which he or she may delegate;
he or she shall sign all checks made by the Corporation; provided, however, that
the Board of Directors may authorize and prescribe by resolution the manner in
which checks drawn on banks or depositaries shall be signed, including the use
of facsimile signatures, and the manner in which officers, agents or employees
shall be authorized to sign; he or she may sign with the president or a vice
president all certificates of shares in the capital stock; whenever required by
the Board of Directors, he or she shall render a statement of his or her cash
account; he or she shall enter regularly, in books of the Corporation to be kept
for the purpose, full and accurate account of all moneys received and paid by
him or her on account of the Corporation; he or she shall, at all reasonable
times, exhibit his or her books and accounts to any director of the Corporation
upon application at his or her office during business hours; and he or she shall
perform all acts incident to the position of treasurer.
The treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of the assigned
duties in such sum as the Board of Directors may require.
Section 3.7. Powers and Duties of Secretary. The secretary shall keep the
minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors, and the minutes of all
meetings of the stockholders, and also (unless otherwise directed by the Board
of Directors) the minutes of all committees, in books provided for that purpose;
he or she shall attend to the giving and serving of all notices of the
Corporation; he or she may sign with any other duly authorized person, in the
name of the
12
Corporation, all contracts authorized by the Board of Directors, and affix
the seal of the Corporation thereto; he or she shall have charge of the
certificate books, transfer books and stock ledgers, and such other books and
papers as the Board of Directors may direct, all of which shall, at all
reasonable times, be open to the examination of any director, upon application
at the secretary153s office during business hours; and he or she shall in general
perform all the duties incident to the office of secretary, subject to the
control of the Board of Directors.
Section 3.8. Voting upon Interests in Other Business Entities. Unless
otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors, any person or persons appointed in
writing by any of them shall have full power and authority on behalf of the
Corporation to attend and to act and to vote at any meetings of stockholders of
any corporation in which the Corporation may hold stock, or at any other
meetings of holders of ownership interests in business entities in which the
Corporation may hold an interest, including limited liability companies, and at
any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers
incident to the ownership of such stock or other interest, and which, as the
owner thereof, the Corporation might have possessed and exercised if present.
The Board of Directors, by resolution, from time to time, may confer like powers
upon any other person or persons.
Section 3.9. Term of Office, etc. Each officer will hold office until the
first regular meeting of the Board in each year (at which a quorum shall be
present) held next after the annual meeting of stockholders, and until a
successor is elected and qualified or until such officer153s earlier resignation
or removal. No officer of the Corporation will have any contractual right
against the Corporation for compensation by reason of the election or
appointment as an officer of the Corporation beyond the date of service as such,
except as a written employment or other contract otherwise may provide. The
Board may remove any officer with or without cause at any time, but any such
removal will not prejudice the contractual rights of that officer, if any,
against the Corporation. The Board by resolution may fill any vacancy occurring
in any office of the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise for
the unexpired portion of the term of that office at any time.
ARTICLE IV.
Capital Stock – Seal.
Section 4.1. Certificates of Shares. Shares of each class of the capital
stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated and shall not be represented by
certificates, except to the extent as may be required by applicable law or as
may otherwise be authorized by the Secretary or an assistant secretary of the
Corporation. Ownership of any such uncertificated shares shall be evidenced by
book-entry notation on the stock transfer records of the Corporation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares of capital stock of the Corporation
represented by a certificate and issued and outstanding on February 23, 2011
shall remain represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered
to the Corporation. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation shall be
13
cancelled, and no new certificate shall be issued, except as may be required
by applicable law or as may be authorized by the Secretary or an assistant
secretary of the Corporation.
No certificate representing shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall
be valid unless it is signed by two principal officers of the Corporation, or
one principal officer and an assistant secretary or an assistant treasurer of
the Corporation, but, where such certificate is signed by a registrar other than
the Corporation or its employee the signatures of any such officer and, where
authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors, any transfer agent may be
facsimiles. In case any officer or transfer agent of the Corporation who has
signed, or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon, any such certificate
shall have ceased to such be such officer or transfer agent of the Corporation
before such certificate is issued, such certificate may be issued by the
Corporation with the same effect as though the person or persons were such
officer or transfer agent of the Corporation at the date of issue.
With respect to each class of capital stock of the Corporation, any
certificates issued shall be consecutively numbered. The name of the person
owning the shares represented thereby, with the class and number of such shares
and the date of issue, shall be entered on the Corporation153s books.
Section 4.2. Transfer of Shares. Transfers of shares shall be made on the
stock transfer records of the Corporation only by the registered holder thereof,
or by such holder153s attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly
executed and filed with the Corporation153s Secretary, or with a transfer agent
duly appointed, and upon surrender of the certificate or certificates for such
shares properly endorsed, if such shares are represented by a certificate, and
payment of all taxes thereon. Upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from
the registered holder of uncertificated shares, from an approved source duly
authorized by such holder or from such holder153s attorney thereunto authorized by
power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Corporation153s Secretary, or
with a transfer agent duly appointed, such uncertificated shares shall be
cancelled and issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares shall be made to
the person entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded on the stock
transfer records of the Corporation. The person in whose name shares stand on
the Corporation153s stock transfer records shall be deemed the absolute owner
thereof for all purposes as regards the Corporation and, accordingly, the
Corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or
interest in such shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall
have express or other notice thereof.
Section 4.3. Regulations. The Board of Directors shall have power and
authority to make all such additional rules and regulations as it may deem
expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration or replacement of
shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.
The Board of Directors may appoint one or more transfer agents or assistant
transfer agents, including the Corporation, and one or more registrars
14
of transfers, including the Corporation, and may require any stock
certificates to bear the signature of a transfer agent or assistant transfer
agent and a registrar of transfers. The Board of Directors may at any time
terminate the appointment of any transfer agent or any assistant transfer agent
or any registrar of transfers.
Section 4.4. Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders153 Rights. The Board
of Directors is authorized from time to time to fix in advance a date, not
exceeding 60 days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the date
for the payment of any dividend, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the
date when any change or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into
effect, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to
notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting and any adjournment thereof, or
entitled to receive payment of any such dividend, or to any such allotment of
rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any such change, conversion or
exchange of capital stock, and in such case such stockholders and only such
stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be
entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, such meeting and any adjournment
thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend, or to receive such allotment of
rights, or to exercise such rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any
transfer of any stock on the books of the Corporation after any such record date
fixed as aforesaid.
Section 4.5. Dividends. The Board of Directors may from time to time declare
such dividends as they shall deem advisable and proper, subject to such
restrictions as may be imposed by law and the Corporation153s Certificate of
Incorporation.
Section 4.6. Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for the use
of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized in these By-laws,
facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of this Corporation may be used
whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.7. Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors shall provide a suitable
seal, containing the name of the Corporation, which seal shall be in charge of
the Secretary. Unless otherwise directed by the Board of Directors, duplicates
of the seal may be kept and used by the treasurer or by any assistant secretary
or assistant treasurer.
ARTICLE V.
Indemnification.
Section 5.1. Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify and
hold harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law any person who was or is
made or is threatened to be made a party or is involved in any Proceeding
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact
that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was a
director,
15
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the
request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit
entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all
expenses, liability, and loss reasonably incurred or suffered by such person.
The Corporation shall indemnify any person seeking indemnity in connection with
a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized by
the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
Section 5.2. Advancement of Expenses.
(a) If and whenever any Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party
to any Proceeding that may give rise to a right of that Indemnitee to
indemnification under Section 5.1, the Corporation will advance (unless such
advance is in violation of law) all Expenses reasonably incurred by or on behalf
of that Indemnitee in connection with that Proceeding within 10 days after the
Corporation receives a statement or statements from that Indemnitee requesting
the advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final
disposition of that Proceeding; provided, however, that the Corporation will
have no obligation to advance Expenses if such advance will be in violation of
applicable law. Each such statement must reasonably evidence the Expenses
incurred by or on behalf of that Indemnitee and include or be preceded or
accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of that Indemnitee to repay any
Expenses advanced if it ultimately is determined that the Indemnitee is not
entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation under Section 5.1 against those
Expenses. The Corporation will accept any such undertaking without reference to
the financial ability of Indemnitee to make repayment. If the Corporation
advances Expenses in connection with any Claim as to which an Indemnitee has
requested or may request indemnification under Section 5.1 and a determination
is made under Section 5.4 that the Indemnitee is not entitled to that
indemnification, the Indemnitee will not be required to reimburse the
Corporation for those advances until the 180th day following the date of that
determination; provided, however, that if the Indemnitee timely commences and
thereafter prosecutes in good faith a judicial proceeding or arbitration under
Section 5.6 or otherwise to obtain that indemnification, the Indemnitee will not
be required to reimburse the Corporation for those Expenses until a
determination in that proceeding or arbitration that the Indemnitee is not
entitled to that indemnification has become final and nonappealable.
(b) The Corporation may advance Expenses under Section 5.2(a) to an
Indemnitee or, at the Corporation153s option, directly to the Person to which
those Expenses are owed, and any Indemnitee153s request for an advance under
Section 5.2(a) will constitute that Indemnitee153s consent to any such direct
payment, to Indemnitee153s legal counsel or any other Person.
Section 5.3. Notification and Defense of Claims.
(a) If any Indemnitee receives notice, otherwise than from the Corporation,
that the Indemnitee is or will be made, or is threatened to be made,
16
a party to any Proceeding in respect of which the Indemnitee intends to seek
indemnification under this Article V, the Indemnitee must promptly notify the
Corporation in writing of the nature and, to the Indemnitee153s knowledge, status
of that Proceeding. If this Section 5.3(a) requires any Indemnitee to give such
a notice, but that Indemnitee fails to do so, that failure will not relieve the
Corporation from, or otherwise affect the obligations the Corporation may have
to indemnify that Indemnitee under this Article V, unless the Corporation can
establish that the failure has resulted in actual prejudice to the Corporation.
(b) Except as this Section 5.3(b) otherwise provides, in the case of any
Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnitee seeks indemnification under this
Article V:
(1) the Corporation and any Related Enterprise that also may be obligated to
indemnify that Indemnitee in respect of that Proceeding will be entitled to
participate at its own expense in that Proceeding;
(2) the Corporation or that Related Enterprise, or either of them, will be
entitled to assume the defense of all Claims, other than (A) Corporation Claims,
if any, and (B) other Claims, if any, as to which that Indemnitee shall
reasonably reach the conclusion clause (3) of the next sentence describes, in
that Proceeding against that Indemnitee by prompt written notice of that
election to that Indemnitee; and
(3) if clause (2) above entitles the Corporation or that Related Enterprise
to assume the defense of any of those Claims and it delivers to that Indemnitee
notice of that assumption under clause (2), the Corporation will not be liable
to that Indemnitee under this Article V for any fees or expenses of legal
counsel for that Indemnitee which that Indemnitee incurs after that Indemnitee
receives that notice.
That Indemnitee will have the right to employ that Indemnitee153s own legal
counsel in that Proceeding, but, as clause (3) of the preceding sentence
provides, will bear the fees and expenses of that counsel unless:
(1) the Corporation has authorized that Indemnitee in writing to retain that
counsel;
(2) the Corporation shall not within a reasonable period of time actually
have employed counsel to assume the defense of those Claims; or
(3) that Indemnitee shall have (A) reasonably concluded that a conflict of
interest may exist between that Indemnitee and the Corporation as to the defense
of one or more of those Claims and (B) communicated that conclusion to the
Corporation in writing.
(c) The Corporation will not be obligated hereunder to, or to cause another
Corporation Entity to, indemnify any Indemnitee against or hold that Indemnitee
harmless from and in respect of any amounts paid, or agreed to be paid, by that
Indemnitee in settlement of any Claim against that Indemnitee which that
Indemnitee effects without the Corporation153s prior written consent. The
Corporation will not settle any Claim against any Indemnitee in any manner that
17
would impose any penalty or limitation on that Indemnitee without that
Indemnitee153s prior written consent. Neither the Corporation nor any Indemnitee
will unreasonably delay or withhold consent to any such settlement the other
party proposes to effect.
Section 5.4. Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification.
(a) To obtain indemnification under this Article V, any Indemnitee must
submit to the Corporation a written request therefor which specifies the Section
or Sections under which that Indemnitee is seeking indemnification and which
includes, or is accompanied by, such documentation and information as is
reasonably available to that Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine
whether and to what extent that Indemnitee is entitled to that indemnification.
Any Indemnitee may request indemnification under this Article V at any time and
from time to time as that Indemnitee deems appropriate in that Indemnitee153s sole
discretion. In the case of any request by any Indemnitee for indemnification
under Section 5.1 as to any Claim which is pending or threatened at the time
that Indemnitee delivers that request to the Corporation and would not be
resolved with finality, whether by judgment, order, settlement or otherwise, on
payment of the indemnification requested, the Corporation may defer the
determination under Section 5.4(c) of that Indemnitee153s entitlement to that
indemnification to a date that is no later than 45 days after the effective date
of that final resolution if the Board concludes in good faith that an earlier
determination would be materially prejudicial to the Corporation or a Related
Enterprise.
(b) On written request by any Indemnitee under Section 5.4(a) for
indemnification under Section 5.1, the determination of that Indemnitee153s
entitlement to that indemnification will be made:
(1) if that Indemnitee will be a director or officer of the Corporation at
the time that determination is made, under Section 5.4(c) in each case; or
(2) if that Indemnitee will not be a director or officer of the Corporation
at the time that determination is made, under Section 5.4(c) in any case, if so
requested in writing by that Indemnitee or so directed by the Board, or, in the
absence of that request and direction, as the Board shall duly authorize or
direct.
(c) Each determination of any Indemnitee153s entitlement to indemnification
under Section 5.1 to which this Section 5.4(c) applies will be made as follows:
(1) by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than
a quorum; or
(2) by a committee of Disinterested Directors a majority vote of the
Disinterested Directors may designate, even though less than a quorum; or
18
(3) if (A) there are no Disinterested Directors or (B) a majority vote of the
Disinterested Directors so directs, by an Independent Counsel in a written
opinion to the Board, a copy of which the Corporation will deliver to that
Indemnitee;
provided, however, that if that Indemnitee has so requested in that
Indemnitee153s request for indemnification, an Independent Counsel will make that
determination in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which the Corporation
will deliver to Indemnitee.
(d) If it is determined that any Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification
under Section 5.1, the Corporation will, or will cause another Corporation
Entity to, subject to the provisions of Section 5.4(f):
(1) within 10 days after that determination pay to that Indemnitee all
amounts (A) theretofore incurred by or on behalf of that Indemnitee in respect
of which that Indemnitee is entitled to that indemnification by reason of that
determination and (B) requested from the Corporation in writing by that
Indemnitee; and
(2) thereafter on written request by that Indemnitee, pay to that Indemnitee
within 10 days after that request such additional amounts theretofore incurred
by or on behalf of that Indemnitee in respect of which that Indemnitee is
entitled to that indemnification by reason of that determination.
Each Indemnitee must cooperate with the person, persons or entity making the
determination under Section 5.4(c) with respect to that Indemnitee153s entitlement
to indemnification under Section 5.1, including providing to such person,
persons or entity, on reasonable advance request, any documentation or
information that is:
(1) not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure;
(2) reasonably available to that Indemnitee; and
(3) reasonably necessary to that determination.
(e) If an Independent Counsel is to make a determination under Section 5.4(c)
of entitlement of any Indemnitee to indemnification under Section 5.1, the Board
will select the Independent Counsel and give written notice to that Indemnitee
which names the person or firm it has selected, whereupon that Indemnitee may,
within 10 days after that Indemnitee153s receipt of that notice, deliver to the
Secretary a written objection to the selection; provided, however, that any such
objection may be asserted only on the ground that the person or firm selected is
not an “Independent Counsel” as Section 5.11 defines that term, and the
objection must set forth with particularity the factual basis for that
assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person or firm so selected
will act as Independent Counsel under Section 5.4(c). If any such written
objection is so made and substantiated, the person or firm so selected may not
serve as Independent Counsel unless and until the objection is withdrawn or a
court of competent jurisdiction has determined that the objection is without
merit.
19
If the person or firm that will act as Independent Counsel has not been
determined within 30 days after any Indemnitee153s submission of the related
request for indemnification, either the Corporation or that Indemnitee may
petition the Court of Chancery for resolution of any objection that has been
made by that Indemnitee to the Board153s selection of Independent Counsel or for
the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person or firm selected by the Court
of Chancery or by such other person or firm as the Court of Chancery designates,
and the person or firm with respect to whom all objections are so resolved or
the person or firm so appointed will act as Independent Counsel under
Section 5.4(c).
The Corporation will pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses the
Independent Counsel incurs in connection with acting under Section 5.4(c), and
the Corporation will pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the
procedures this Section 5.4(e) sets forth, regardless of the manner in which the
Independent Counsel is selected or appointed.
If any Indemnitee becomes entitled to, and does, initiate any judicial
proceeding or arbitration under Section 5.6, the Corporation will terminate its
engagement of the person or firm acting as Independent Counsel, whereupon that
person or firm will be, subject to the applicable standards of professional
conduct then prevailing, relieved of any further responsibility in the capacity
of Independent Counsel.
(f) The amount of any indemnification against Expenses to which any
Indemnitee becomes entitled under any provision of this Article V, including
Section 5.1, will be determined subject to the provisions of this
Section 5.4(f). Each Indemnitee will have the burden of showing that that
Indemnitee actually has incurred the Expenses for which that Indemnitee requests
indemnification. If the Corporation or a Corporation Entity has made any advance
in respect of any Expense incurred by any Indemnitee without objecting in
writing to that Indemnitee at the time of the advance to the reasonableness
thereof, the incurrence of that Expense by that Indemnitee will be deemed for
all purposes hereof to have been reasonable. In the case of any Expense as to
which such an objection has been made, or any Expense for which no advance has
been made, the incurrence of that Expense will be presumed to have been
reasonable, and the Corporation will have the burden of proof to overcome that
presumption.
Section 5.5 Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.
(a) In making a determination under Section 5.4(c) with respect to
entitlement of any Indemnitee to indemnification under Section 5.1, the person,
persons or entity making that determination must presume that that Indemnitee is
entitled to that indemnification if that Indemnitee has submitted a request for
indemnification in accordance with Section 5.4(a), and the Corporation will have
the burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making
by any person, persons or entity of any determination contrary to that
presumption.
20
(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any Claim therein, by judgment,
order, settlement or conviction, or on a plea of nolo contendere or its
equivalent, will not, except as this Article V otherwise expressly provides, of
itself adversely affect the right of any Indemnitee to indemnification under
this Article V or, in the case of any determination under Section 5.4(c) of any
Indemnitee153s entitlement to indemnification under Section 5.1, create a
presumption that that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that
Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of
the Corporation or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, that
Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that that Indemnitee153s conduct was
unlawful.
(c) Any service of any Indemnitee as a Functionary of the Corporation or any
Related Enterprise which imposes duties on, or involves services by, that
Indemnitee with respect to any Related Enterprise that is an employee benefit or
welfare plan or related trust, if any, or that plan153s participants or that
trust153s beneficiaries, will be deemed for all purposes hereof as service at the
request of the Corporation, and any action that Indemnitee takes or omits to
take in connection with any such plan or trust will, if taken or omitted in good
faith by that Indemnitee and in a manner that Indemnitee reasonably believed to
be in the interest of the participants in or beneficiaries of that plan or
trust, be deemed to have been taken or omitted in a manner “not opposed to the
best interests of the Corporation” for all purposes of this Article V.
(d) For purposes of any determination under this Article V as to whether any
Indemnitee has performed services or engaged in conduct on behalf of any
Enterprise in good faith, that Indemnitee will be deemed to have acted in good
faith if that Indemnitee acted in reliance on the records of the Enterprise or
on information, opinions, reports or statements, including financial statements
and other financial information, concerning the Enterprise or any other Person
which were prepared or supplied to that Indemnitee by:
(1) one or more of the officers or employees of the Enterprise;
(2) appraisers, engineers, investment bankers, legal counsel or other Persons
as to matters that Indemnitee reasonably believed were within the professional
or expert competence of those Persons; and
(3) any committee of the board of directors or equivalent managing body of
the Enterprise of which that Indemnitee is or was, at the relevant time, not a
member;
provided, however, that if that Indemnitee has actual knowledge as to any
matter that makes any such reliance unwarranted as to that matter, this
Section 5.5(d) will not entitle that Indemnitee to any presumption that that
Indemnitee acted in good faith respecting that matter.
(e) For purposes of any determination under this Article V as to whether any
Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under Section 5.1, neither the
knowledge nor the conduct of any other Functionary of the Corporation or any
Related Enterprise shall be imputed to that Indemnitee.
21
(f) Any Indemnitee will be deemed a party to a Proceeding for all purposes of
this Article V if that Indemnitee is named as a defendant or respondent in a
complaint or petition for relief in that Proceeding, regardless of whether that
Indemnitee ever is served with process or makes an appearance in that
Proceeding.
(g) If any Indemnitee serves or served as a Functionary of a Related
Enterprise, that service will be deemed to be “at the request of the
Corporation” for all purposes of this Article V notwithstanding that the request
is not evidenced by a writing or shown to have been made orally. In the event
the Corporation were to extend the rights of indemnification and advancement of
Expenses under this Article V to any Indemnitee153s serving at the request of the
Corporation as a Functionary of any Enterprise other than the Corporation or a
Related Enterprise, that Indemnitee must show that the request was made by the
Board or at its authorization.
Section 5.6 Remedies of Indemnitee in Certain Cases. (a) If any Indemnitee
makes a written request in compliance with Section 5.4(a) for indemnification
under Section 5.1 and either:
(1) no determination as to the entitlement of that Indemnitee to that
indemnification is made before the last to occur of (A) the close of business on
the date, if any, the Corporation has specified under Section 5.4(a) as the
outside date for that determination or (B) the elapse of the 45-day period
beginning the day after the date the Corporation receives that request; or
(2) a determination is made under Section 5.4(c) that that Indemnitee is not
entitled to that indemnification in whole or in any part in respect of any Claim
to which that request related,
that Indemnitee will be entitled to an adjudication from the Court of
Chancery of that Indemnitee153s entitlement to that indemnification.
Alternatively, that Indemnitee, at that Indemnitee153s option, may seek an award
in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator in accordance with the
Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. In the
case of any determination under Section 5.5(d) that is adverse to an Indemnitee,
that Indemnitee must commence any such judicial proceeding or arbitration within
180 days following the date on which that Indemnitee first has the right to
commence that proceeding under this Section 5.6(a) or that Indemnitee will be
bound by that determination for all purposes of this Article V.
(b) If a determination has been made under Section 5.4 that an Indemnitee is
not entitled to indemnification under Section 5.1, any judicial proceeding or
arbitration commenced by that Indemnitee under this Section 5.6 will be
conducted in all respects as a de novo trial or arbitration on the merits, and
that Indemnitee will not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination.
In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced under this Section 5.6, the
Corporation will have the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled
to indemnification hereunder, and the Corporation may not, for any
22
purpose, refer to or introduce into evidence any determination under
Section 5.4(c) which is adverse to the Indemnitee.
(c) If a determination has been made under Section 5.4 that any Indemnitee is
entitled to indemnification under Section 5.1, the Corporation will be bound by
that determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration that Indemnitee
thereafter commences under this Section 5.6 or otherwise, absent:
(1) a misstatement by that Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission by
that Indemnitee of a material fact necessary to make that Indemnitee153s
statements not materially misleading, in connection with that Indemnitee153s
request for indemnification; or
(2) a prohibition of that indemnification under applicable law.
(d) If any Indemnitee, under this Section 5.6 or otherwise, seeks a judicial
adjudication of or an award in arbitration to enforce that Indemnitee153s rights
under this Article V, that Indemnitee will be entitled to recover from the
Corporation, and will be indemnified by the Corporation against, any and all
expenses, of the types the definition of Expenses in Section 5.11 describes,
reasonably incurred by or on behalf of that Indemnitee in that judicial
adjudication or arbitration, but only if that Indemnitee prevails therein. If it
is determined in that judicial adjudication or arbitration that that Indemnitee
is entitled to receive part of, but not all, the indemnification or advancement
of expenses sought, the expenses incurred by that Indemnitee in connection with
that judicial adjudication or arbitration will be appropriately prorated between
those in respect of which this Article V entitles that Indemnitee to
indemnification and those that Indemnitee must bear.
(e) In any judicial proceeding or arbitration under this Section 5.6, the
Corporation:
(1) will not, and will not permit any other Person acting on its behalf to,
assert that the procedures or presumptions this Article V establishes are not
valid, binding and enforceable; and
(2) will stipulate that it is bound by all the provisions of this Article V.
Section 5.7 Non-exclusivity; Equivalence to Contract Rights; Survival of
Rights; Insurance; Subrogation.
(a) The rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses and the
remedies this Article V provides are not and will not be deemed exclusive of any
other rights or remedies to which any Indemnitee may at any time be entitled
under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, any agreement, a vote of
stockholders or Disinterested Directors, or otherwise, but each such right or
remedy under this Article V will be cumulative with all such other rights and
remedies. The rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses this Article
V provides shall be considered the equivalent of a contract right that vests
upon the occurrence or alleged occurrence of any act or omission that forms the
23
basis for or is related to the claim for which indemnification is sought by
an Indemnitee, to the same extent as if the provisions of this Article V were
set forth in a separate, written contract between such Indemnitee and the
Corporation, and no amendment, modification or repeal of this Article V or any
provision hereof will limit or restrict any right of any Indemnitee under this
Article V in respect of any action that Indemnitee has taken or omitted in that
Indemnitee153s capacity as a Functionary of the Corporation or any Related
Enterprise prior to that amendment, modification or repeal. This Article V will
not limit or restrict the power or right of the Corporation, to the extent and
in the manner applicable law permits, to indemnify and advance expenses to
Persons other than Indemnitees when and as authorized by the Board or by other
appropriate corporate action.
(b) If the Corporation maintains an insurance policy or policies providing
liability insurance for directors or officers of the Corporation, each
Indemnitee will be covered by the policy or policies in accordance with its or
their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any such
director or officer under the policy or policies. If the Corporation receives
written notice from any source of a pending Proceeding to which any Indemnitee
is a party and in respect of which that Indemnitee might be entitled to
indemnification under Section 5.1 and the Corporation then maintains any such
policy of which that Indemnitee is a beneficiary, the Corporation will:
(1) promptly give notice of that Proceeding to the relevant insurers in
accordance with the applicable policy procedures; and
(2) thereafter take all action necessary to cause those insurers to pay, on
behalf of that Indemnitee, all amounts payable in accordance with the applicable
policy terms as a result of that Proceeding;
provided, however, that the Corporation need not comply with the provisions
of this sentence if its failure to do so would not actually be prejudicial to
that Indemnitee in any material respect.
(c) The Corporation will not be liable under this Article V to make or cause
to be made any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable under this Article V,
or to make or cause to be made any advance this Article V otherwise requires it
to make or cause to be made, to or for the account of any Indemnitee, if and to
the extent that the Indemnitee has otherwise actually received or had applied
for the Indemnitee153s benefit that payment or advance or otherwise obtained the
entire benefit therefrom under any insurance policy, any other contract or
agreement or otherwise.
(d) If the Corporation makes or causes to be made any payment under this
Article V to or for the account of any Indemnitee, it will be subrogated to the
extent of that payment to all the rights of recovery of that Indemnitee, who
must execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure those
rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the
Corporation to bring suit to enforce those rights.
24
(e) The Corporation153s obligation to make or cause to be made any payment or
advance under this Article V to or for the account of any Indemnitee with
respect to that Indemnitee153s service at the request of the Corporation as a
Functionary of any Related Enterprise will be reduced by any amount that
Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement of expenses
from that Related Enterprise.
Section 5.8 Benefit of this Article V. The provisions of this Article V will
inure to the benefit of each Indemnitee and that Indemnitee153s spouse, heirs,
executors and administrators.
Section 5.9 Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article V is
or are invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever:
(1) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of
this Article V, including each portion of any Section containing any such
invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision which is not itself invalid, illegal
or unenforceable, will not in any way be affected or impaired thereby;
(2) such provision or provisions will be deemed reformed to the extent
necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the
intent of the Corporation as expressed in this Article V; and
(3) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article V,
including each portion of any Section containing any such invalid, illegal or
unenforceable provision which is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable,
will be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.
Section 5.10 Exceptions to Right of Indemnification or Advancement of
Expenses. No provision in this Article V will obligate the Corporation to pay or
cause to be paid any indemnity to or for the account of any Indemnitee in
connection with or as a result of:
(1) any Claim made against that Indemnitee for an accounting of profits,
under Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act or similar provision of state statutory
or common law, from the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, by that
Indemnitee of securities of the Corporation or any Related Enterprise; or
(2) except for any Claim initiated by that Indemnitee, whether as a cause of
action or as a defense to a cause of action under Section 5.6 or otherwise, to
enforce or establish, by declaratory judgment or otherwise, that Indemnitee153s
rights or remedies under this Article V, any Claim initiated by that Indemnitee
without the prior authorization of the Board against the Corporation or any
Related Enterprise or any of their respective present or former Functionaries.
Section 5.11 Definitions. (a) For purposes of this Article V:
“Affiliate” has the meaning Exchange Act Rule 12b-2 specifies.
“Claim” means any claim for damages or a declaratory, equitable or
other substantive remedy, or any other issue or matter, in any Proceeding.
25
“Corporation Claim” means, in the case of any Indemnitee, any Claim
brought by or in the right of the Corporation or a Related Enterprise against
that Indemnitee.
“Corporation Entity” means any Related Enterprise, other than an
employee benefit or welfare plan or its related trust, if any.
“Court of Chancery” means the Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware.
“Disinterested Director” means a director of the Corporation who is
not and was not a party to the Proceeding, or any Claim therein, in respect of
which indemnification is sought by any Indemnitee under this Article V.
“Enterprise” means any business trust, corporation, joint venture,
limited liability company, partnership or other entity or enterprise, including
any operational division of any entity, or any employee benefit or welfare plan
or related trust.
“Expenses” include all attorneys153 fees, retainers, court costs,
transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating
costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service
fees, all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in
connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend,
investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, or otherwise participating
in, a Proceeding. Should any payments by the Corporation to or for the account
of any Indemnitee under this Article V be determined to be subject to any
federal, state or local income or excise tax, “Expenses” also will include such
amounts as are necessary to place that Indemnitee in the same after-tax
position, after giving effect to all applicable taxes, that Indemnitee would
have been in had no such tax been determined to apply to those payments.
“Functionary” of any Enterprise means any director, officer,
manager, administrator, employee, agent, representative or other functionary of
that Enterprise, including, in the case of any employee benefit or welfare plan,
any member of any committee administering that plan or any individual to whom
the duties of that committee are delegated.
“Indemnitee” means at any time any director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation or any person that is or was serving at the request of
the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation
or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company,
enterprise, non-profit entity or other entity including, without limitation,
service with respect to employee benefit plans.
“Independent Counsel” means, in the case of any determination under
Section 5.4(c) of the entitlement of any Indemnitee to indemnification under
Section 5.1, a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that or who is experienced
in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five
years has been, retained to represent:
(1) the Corporation or any of its Affiliates or that Indemnitee in any matter
material to any such Person; or
26
(2) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim of that
Indemnitee for that indemnification;
notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” does not
include at any time any Person who, under the applicable standards of
professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in
representing either the Corporation or a Related Enterprise or that Indemnitee
in an action to determine that Indemnitee153s rights under these By-laws.
“Person” means any natural person, sole proprietorship, corporation,
partnership, limited liability company, business trust, unincorporated
organization or association, mutual company, joint stock company, joint venture
or any other entity of any kind having a separate legal status or any estate,
trust, union or employee organization or governmental authority.
“Proceeding” includes:
(1) any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate
dispute resolution procedure, investigation, inquiry or other threatened, actual
or completed proceeding, whether of a civil, criminal, administrative,
investigative or private nature and irrespective of the initiator thereof; and
(2) any appeal in any such proceeding.
“Related Enterprise” means at any time any Enterprise:
(1) 50% or more of the outstanding capital stock or other ownership interests
of which, or the assets of which, the Corporation owns or controls, or
previously owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, at that time;
(2) 50% or more of the outstanding voting power of the outstanding capital
stock or other ownership interests of which the Corporation owns or controls, or
previously owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, at that time;
(3) that is, or previously was, an Affiliate of the Corporation which the
Corporation controls, or previously controlled, by ownership, contract or
otherwise and whether alone or together with another Person, directly or
indirectly, at that time; or
(4) if that Enterprise is an employee benefit or welfare plan or related
trust, whose participants or beneficiaries are present or former employees of
the Corporation or any other Related Enterprise.
Section 5.12 Contribution. If it is established, under Section 5.4(c) or
otherwise, that any Indemnitee has the right to be indemnified under Section 5.1
in respect of any Claim, but that right is unenforceable by reason of any
applicable law or public policy, then, to the fullest extent applicable law
permits,
27
the Corporation, in lieu of indemnifying or causing the indemnification of
that Indemnitee under Section 5.1, will contribute or cause to be contributed to
the amount that Indemnitee has incurred, whether for judgments, fines,
penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement or for
Expenses reasonably incurred, in connection with that Claim, in such proportion
as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all the circumstances of that Claim
in order to reflect:
(1) the relative benefits that Indemnitee and the Corporation have received
as a result of the event(s) or transaction(s) giving rise to that Claim; or
(2) the relative fault of that Indemnitee and of the Corporation and its
other Functionaries in connection with those event(s) or transaction(s).
Section 5.13 Submission to Jurisdiction. Each Indemnitee, by seeking any
indemnification or advance of Expenses under this Article V, will be deemed,
except with respect to any arbitration that Indemnitee commences under
Section 5.6:
(1) to have agreed that any action or proceeding arising out of or in
connection with this Article V must be brought only in the Court of Chancery and
not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any
court in any other country;
(2) to have consented to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of
Chancery for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in
connection with this Article V;
(3) to have waived any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or
proceeding in the Court of Chancery; and
(4) to have waived, and to have agreed not to plead or to make, any claim
that any such action or proceeding brought in the Court of Chancery has been
brought in an improper or otherwise inconvenient forum. The Corporation shall
indemnify and hold harmless to the fullest extent permitted by law any person
who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is involved in any
action, suit, or proceeding whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (“proceeding”) by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom
he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee or agent
of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a
director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership,
joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with
respect to employee benefit plans, against all expenses, liability, and loss
reasonably incurred or suffered by such person. The Corporation shall indemnify
any person seeking indemnity in connection with a proceeding initiated by such
person only if the proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors of the
Corporation.
ARTICLE VI.
28
Miscellaneous.
Section 6.1 Amendments. The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt,
amend and repeal the By-laws at any regular or special meeting of the Board,
provided that notice of intention to adopt, amend or repeal the By-laws in whole
or in part shall have been included in the notice of meeting; or, without any
such notice, by a vote of two-thirds of the directors then in office.
Stockholders may adopt, amend and repeal the By-laws at any regular or
special meeting of the stockholders by an affirmative vote of the majority of
shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to
vote thereon, provided that notice of intention to adopt, amend or repeal the
By-laws in whole or in part shall have been included in the notice of the
meeting.
Section 6.2 Offices. The Corporation153s registered office shall be in the City
of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The Corporation may have
such other offices within and without the State of Delaware as have heretofore
been established or may hereafter be established by or with the authority of the
Board. The Corporation153s administrative office shall be located at 5555 San
Felipe Road, Houston, Texas.
Section 6.3 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation will end
on December 31.
Section 6.4 Interested Directors; Quorum. No contract or transaction
between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between
the Corporation and any other Entity in which one or more of its directors or
officers are directors or officers (or hold equivalent offices or positions), or
have a financial interest, will be void or voidable solely for this reason, or
solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the
meeting of the Board or Board Committee which authorizes the contract or
transaction, or solely because his or her votes are counted for that purpose,
if:
(1) the material facts as to the relationship or interest of the director or
officer and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the
Board or the Board Committee, and the Board or Board Committee in good faith
authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of
the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less
than a quorum; or
(2) the material facts as to the relationship of the director or officer or
interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the
stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is
specifically approved in good faith by vote of those stockholders; or
(3) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time
it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board, a Board Committee or the
stockholders.
29
Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of
a quorum at a meeting of the Board or of a Board Committee which authorizes the
contract or transaction.
Section 6.5 Form of Records. Any records the Corporation maintains
in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of
account, and minute books, may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards,
magnetic tape, photographs, microphotographs or any other information storage
device, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible
form within a reasonable time.
Section 6.6 Notices; Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be
given to any stockholder, director or member of any Board Committee under the
provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws, that
notice will be deemed to be sufficient if given (a) by telegraphic, facsimile,
cable or wireless or electronic transmission or (b) by deposit of the same in
the United States mail, with postage paid thereon, addressed to the person
entitled thereto at his address as it appears in the records of the Corporation,
and that notice will be deemed to have been given on the day of such
transmission or mailing, as the case may be.
Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder or director
under the provisions of the DGCL, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
By-laws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by or by electronic transmission
from the person or persons entitled to that notice, whether before or after the
time stated therein, will be equivalent to the giving of that notice. Attendance
of a person at a meeting will constitute a waiver of notice of that meeting,
except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting,
at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the
stockholders, the Board or any Board Committee need be specified in any waiver
of notice in writing or by electronic transmission unless the Certificate of
Incorporation or these By-laws so require.
Section 6.7 Resignations. Any director or officer of the Corporation may
resign at any time. Any such resignation must be made in writing or by
electronic transmission to the Corporation and will take effect at the time
specified in that writing or electronic transmission, or, if that resignation
does not specify any time, at the time of its receipt by the chairman or the
secretary. The acceptance of a resignation will not be necessary to make it
effective, unless that resignation expressly so provides.
If an incumbent director who is nominated for re-election to the Board does
not receive sufficient votes “for” to be elected in accordance with Section 1.7,
that incumbent director shall promptly tender his or her resignation to the
Board. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board (the
“Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee”) shall make a recommendation to
the Board as to whether to accept or reject the tendered resignation, or whether
other action should be taken. The Board shall act on the
30
tendered resignation, taking into account the Corporate Governance and
Nominating Committee153s recommendation, and publicly disclose (by a press
release, a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission or other broadly
disseminated means of communication) its decision regarding the tendered
resignation within 90 days from the date of the certification of the election
results. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in making its
recommendation, and the Board in making its decision, may each consider any
factors or other information that it considers appropriate and relevant. The
director who tenders his or her resignation should not participate in the
recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee or the
decision of the Board with respect to his or her resignation. If such incumbent
director153s resignation is not accepted by the Board, such director shall
continue to serve until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the
Corporation and until his or her successor is duly elected, or his or her
earlier resignation or removal. If a director153s resignation is accepted by the
Board pursuant to this Section 6.7, or if a nominee for director is not elected
and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board, in its sole
discretion, may fill any resulting vacancy pursuant to the provisions of Article
Seventh of the Certficate of Incorporation or may decrease the size of the Board
pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.1.
Section 6.8 Facsimile Signatures. In addition to the provisions for the use
of facsimile signatures these By-laws elsewhere specifically authorize,
facsimile signatures of any officer or officers of the Corporation may be used
as and whenever the Board by resolution so authorizes.
Section 6.9 Reliance on Books, Reports and Records. Each director and each
member of any Board Committee designated by the Board will, in the performance
of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith on the books of
account or reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers, or by an
independent certified public accountant, or by an appraiser selected with
reasonable care by the Board or by any such committee, or in relying in good
faith upon other records of the Corporation.
Section 6.10 Certain Definitional Provisions. (a) In these By-laws:
“Board” or “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the
Corporation.
“Board Committee” means any committee of the Board.
“Certificate of Incorporation” means at any time the original certificate of
incorporation of the Corporation as amended and restated from time to time to
that time, including each certificate of designation, if any, respecting any
class or series of preferred stock of the Corporation.
“Chairman” or “chairman” means the chairman of the Board.
“DGCL” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
31
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Secretary” or “secretary” means the secretary of the Corporation.
(b) When used in these By-laws, the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder”
and words of similar import refer to these By-laws as a whole and not to any
provision of these By-laws, and the words “Article” and “Section” refer to
Articles and Sections of these By-laws unless otherwise specified.
(c) Whenever the context so requires, the singular number includes the plural
and vice versa, and a reference to one gender includes the other gender and the
neuter.
(d) The word “including” (and, with correlative meaning, the word “include”)
means including, without limiting the generality of any description preceding
that word, and the words “shall” and “will” are used interchangeably and have
the same meaning.
Section 6.11 Captions. Captions to Articles and Sections of these By-laws are
included for convenience of reference only, and these captions do not constitute
a part hereof for any other purpose or in any way affect the meaning or
construction of any provision hereof.
32
Stay Up-to-Date With How the Law Affects Your Life
