AN APPRAISAL OF
HEALTHSOUTH PROFESSIONAL BUILDING
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA
2
(LOGO) VALUATION COUNSELORS GROUP, INC.
340 Interstate North Parkway
Atlanta, Georgia 30339
(404) 955-0088
(Fax) 955-0466
January 17, 1994
HealthSouth Corporation
Two Perimeter Park South
Birmingham, Alabama 35243
Attention: Mr. Mike Martin, Treasurer
Gentlemen:
In accordance with your request, we are pleased to submit this appraisal report
covering the market value of the professional office building identified as
follows:
HEALTHSOUTH PROFESSIONAL BUILDING
1222 14TH AVENUE SOUTH
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35205
The purpose of this valuation is to estimate the market value of the subject
property's leased fee estate as of September 29, 1993, the effective date of
this report. The report is to be used for asset valuation purposes.
HealthSouth Corporation is selling nine professional office buildings for the
purpose of establishing a real estate investment trust (REIT). This valuation
assumes that the prospective REIT is the owner of the property, with
HealthSouth Corporation guaranteeing annual net rental income of $12.50 per
rentable square foot.
This appraisal investigation includes visits to the facility, discussions with
the current owners and management of the property, a review of available
financial data, discussions with local brokers and government offices, and
research and analysis of the market.
"Market value" is defined as:
"The most probable price which a property should bring in a
competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair
sale, the buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably,
and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in
this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date
and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions
whereby:
3
HealthSouth Corporation
January 17, 1994
Page Two
o Buyer and seller are typically motivated;
o Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in
what they consider their own best interests;
o A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market;
o Payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms
of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and
o The price represents the normal consideration for the property
sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales
concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, page 21, 10th Edition, published by The
Appraisal Institute].
The subject property is a five-story professional office building containing a
basement, a doctor's parking deck, and 42,463 rentable square feet of office
space. In addition, there are six staggered public parking deck floors
adjacent to the professional building. The building is a Class B facility,
with a steel frame and poured-in-place concrete structure and brick veneer
exterior walls. It was constructed in 1981. The building is currently 89
percent occupied.
In arriving at the opinion expressed in this report, it is assumed that the
title to the property is free and clear and held under responsible ownership.
The information furnished us by others is believed to be reliable, but no
responsibility for its accuracy is assumed. The value reported herein is based
upon the integrity of the information provided.
Based upon the procedures, assumptions and conditions outlined in this report,
we estimate the market value of the leased fee interest in the HealthSouth
Professional Building, as of September 29, 1993, to be:
$4,750,000
==========
We have no responsibility to update our report for events and circumstances
occurring after the date of this report.
4
HealthSouth Corporation
January 17, 1994
Page Three
Neither the whole, nor any part of this appraisal or any reference thereto may
be included in any document, statement, appraisal or circular without Valuation
Counselors Group, Inc.'s prior written approval of the form and context in
which it appears.
This appraisal report consists of the following:
o This letter outlining the services performed;
o Certifications of the appraisers;
o A Statement of Facts and Limiting Conditions;
o A Summary of Salient Facts and Conclusions;
o A Narrative Section detailing the appraisal of the property;
and
o An Exhibit Section containing supplementary data.
A copy of this report and the working papers from which it was prepared will be
kept in our files for eight years.
Respectfully submitted,
VALUATION COUNSELORS GROUP, INC.
/s/ Patrick J. Simers
---------------------
Patrick J. Simers
Managing Director
PJS:jef
094-1519.2
5
APPRAISER CERTIFICATION
We, the undersigned, do hereby certify that to the best of our knowledge and
belief:
The statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct.
The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by
the reported assumptions and limiting conditions and are our personal,
unbiased professional analyses, opinions, and conclusions.
We have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the
subject of this report, and have no personal interest or bias with
respect to the parties involved.
Our compensation is not contingent on an action or event resulting
from the analyses, opinions, or conclusions in or the use of this
report.
Our analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this
report has been prepared in conformity with the requirements of the
Code of Professional Ethics, the Appraisal Institute, American Society
of Appraisers, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal
Practice.
The use of this report is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal
Institute and American Society of Appraisers relating to review by its
duly authorized representatives.
Michael P. Bates has made a personal inspection of the property that
is the subject of this report. Patrick J. Simers has not made a
personal inspection of the property.
The following have provided significant professional assistance to the
person signing this report: Michael P. Bates
/s/ Patrick J. Simers /s/ Michael P. Bates
--------------------- --------------------
Patrick J. Simers Michael P. Bates
Managing Director Appraiser
6
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. strives to clearly and accurately disclose the
assumptions and limiting conditions that directly affect an appraisal analysis,
opinion, or conclusion. To assist the reader in interpreting this report, such
assumptions are set forth as follows:
Appraisals are performed, and written reports are prepared by, or under the
supervision of, members of the Appraisal Institute in accordance with the
Institute's Standard of Professional Practice and Code of Professional Ethics.
Appraisal assignments are accepted with the understanding that there is no
obligation to furnish services after completion of the original assignment. If
the need for subsequent services related to an appraisal assignment (e.g.,
testimony, updates, conferences, reprint or copy services) is contemplated,
special arrangements acceptable to Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. must be
made in advance. Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. reserves the right to make
adjustments to the analysis, opinions and conclusions set forth in the report
as we may deem necessary by consideration of additional or more reliable data
that may become available.
No opinion is rendered as to legal fee or property title, which are assumed to
be good and marketable. Prevailing leases, liens and other encumbrances,
including internal and external environmental conditions and structural
defects, if any, have been disregarded, unless otherwise specifically stated in
the report. Sketches, maps, photographs, or other graphic aids included in
appraisal reports are intended to assist the reader in ready identification and
visualization of the property and are not intended for technical purposes.
It is assumed that: no opinion is intended in matters that require legal,
engineering, or other professional advice which has been or will be obtained
from professional sources; the appraisal report will not be used for guidance
in legal or professional matters exclusive of the appraisal and valuation
discipline; there are no concealed or dubious conditions of the subsoil or
subsurface waters including water table and floodplain, unless otherwise noted;
there are no regulations of any government entity to control or restrict the
use of the property unless specifically referred to in the report; and the
property will not operate in violation of any applicable government
regulations, codes, ordinances or statutes.
In the absence of competent technical advice to the contrary, it is assumed
that the property being appraised is not adversely affected by concealed or
unapparent hazards, such as, but not limited to, asbestos, hazardous or
contaminated substances, toxic waste or radioactivity. The appraiser is not
qualified to detect such substances.
7
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
No engineering survey has been made by the appraiser. Except as specifically
stated, data relative to size and area were taken from sources considered
reliable, and no encroachment of real property improvements is considered to
exist.
Information furnished by others is presumed to be reliable, and where so
specified in the report, has been verified; however, no responsibility, whether
legal or otherwise, is assumed for its accuracy, and cannot be guaranteed as
being certain. All facts and data set forth in the report are true and
accurate to the best of Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.'s knowledge and
belief. No single item of information was completely relied upon to the
exclusion of other information.
It should be specifically noted by any prospective mortgagee that the appraisal
assumes that the property will be competently managed, leased, and maintained
by financially sound owners over the expected period of ownership. This
appraisal engagement does not entail an evaluation of management's or owner's
effectiveness, nor are we responsible for future marketing efforts and other
management or ownership actions upon which actual results will depend.
No effort has been made to determine the impact of possible energy shortages or
the effect on this project of future federal, state or local legislation,
including any environmental or ecological matters or interpretations thereof.
The date of the appraisal to which the value estimate conclusions apply is set
forth in the letter of transmittal and within the body of the report. The
value is based on the purchasing power of the United States dollar as of that
date.
Neither the report nor any portions thereof, especially any conclusions as to
value, the identity of the appraiser, or Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.,
shall be disseminated to the public through public relations media, news media,
sales media or any other public means of communications without the prior
written consent and approval of Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.
Unless otherwise noted, Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. assumes that there
will be no changes in tax regulations.
No significant change is assumed in the supply and demand patterns indicated in
the report. The appraisal assumes market conditions observed as of the current
date of our market research stated in the letter of transmittal. These market
conditions are believed to be correct; however, the appraisers assume no
liability should market conditions materially change because of unusual or
unforeseen circumstances.
8
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
The report and the final estimate of value and the prospective financial
analyses included therein are intended solely for the information of the person
or persons to whom they are addressed, solely for the purposes stated and
should not be relied upon for any other purpose. Any allocation of total price
between land and the improvements as shown is invalidated if used separately or
in conjunction with any other report.
A copy of this report and the working papers from which it was prepared will be
kept in our files for eight years.
9
SUMMARY OF SALIENT FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS
GENERAL DATA
Effective Date of Value: September 29, 1993
Last Date of Inspection: September 29, 1993
Property Identification: HealthSouth Professional Office Building
Property Location: 1222 14th Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama
Interest Appraised: Leased Fee Estate
Gross Building Area: 53,127 square feet
Net Rentable Area: 42,463 square feet
Subject Land Size: 37,556 square feet, or 0.8622 acres
Improvements Description: Five-story, steel frame and concrete structure, Class B professional office
building that was constructed in 1981.
Occupancy Percentage: 89%
CONCLUSIONS
Cost Approach: $4,700,000
Direct Sales Comparison Approach: $4,585,000
Income Approach: $4,800,000
Final Value Estimate: $4,750,000
==========
10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Transmittal Letter
Appraiser Certifications
Statement of Facts and Limiting Conditions
Summary of Salient Facts and Conclusions
INTRODUCTION 1
Property Identification 1
Purpose and Effective Date of the Appraisal 1
Function of the Appraisal 1
Scope of the Appraisal 2
Property Rights Appraised 2
Definition of Value 2
History of the Property 3
History and Nature of the Business Environment 4
Market Data - Metropolitan Birmingham 6
DESCRIPTIVE DATA 11
Neighborhood Analysis 11
Zoning 12
Real Estate Taxes and Assessments 12
Site Analysis 13
Building and Site Improvements 14
HIGHEST AND BEST USE 16
VALUATION SECTION 20
Valuation Methodology 20
Cost Approach 21
Direct Sales Comparison Approach 34
Income Approach 42
CORRELATION AND CONCLUSION 45
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXHIBIT SECTION
Exhibit A - Professional Qualifications
Exhibit B - Legal Description
Exhibit C1 - Metropolitan Area Map
Exhibit C2 - Neighborhood Map
Exhibit D1 - Tax Plat Map
Exhibit D2 - Tax Appraisal Summary Sheet
Exhibit E - Land Sale Location Map
Exhibit F1 - Building Floor Plans
Exhibit F2 - Leasing Status Schedule
Exhibit G - Building Description
Exhibit H - Land Improvements Description
Exhibit I - Rent Comparable Location Map
Exhibit J - Rent Comparables Summary
Exhibit K - Subject Photographs
12
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION
The subject of this appraisal is HealthSouth Professional Office Building
located at 1222 14th Avenue South in Birmingham, Alabama. The building is a
five-story building that includes a basement leased to the adjacent hospital, a
doctor's parking deck and three stories of office space. The facility also
includes a six-level parking deck that is attached to the building.
The property was converted to a condominium in 1983. The premises that is the
subject of this report excludes the two office suites that have been owned by
their doctor/occupants since 1983. The tax parcels are listed by individual
office suites beginning with 29-01-3-009-07.302 through 29-01-3-009-07.335.
The office building is situated on 40,150 square feet of land. However, since
6.46 percent of the leasable area in the building is privately owned, the
subject parcel size must be reduced by 6.46 percent, or 2,594 square feet. The
net subject land size is 37,556 square feet.
PURPOSE AND EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE APPRAISAL
The purpose of this appraisal is to estimate the market value of the real
property identified above. The effective date of valuation is September 29,
1993, the date of our last inspection.
FUNCTION OF THE APPRAISAL
The report is to be used for internal financial valuation purposes. The owners
are considering the sale of nine professional office buildings for the purpose
of establishing a real estate investment trust (REIT). The subject property,
excluding the two suites owned by doctors, would be included in that sale.
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13
SCOPE OF THE APPRAISAL
This appraisal engagement includes all three of the standard valuation
approaches and is in conformity with the requirements of the Code of
Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal
Institute and Society of Real Estate Appraisers. The scope of our assignment
included collecting, verifying and analyzing market and property data
applicable to the three approaches and consistent with the property's highest
and best use. The results of the three approaches are then reconciled into a
final value conclusion considering the relevancy and quality of data presented
in each of the approaches.
PROPERTY RIGHTS APPRAISED
The property right appraised herein is the Leased Fee Estate.
"Leased Fee Estate" is:
"an ownership held by the landlord with the right of use and occupancy
conveyed by lease to others; the rights of lessor (the leased fee
owner) and leased fee are specified by contract terms contained within
the lease."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, page 123, 10th Edition, published by The
Appraisal Institute].
DEFINITION OF VALUE
For the purpose of this valuation, "market value" is defined as follows:
"The most probable price which a property should bring in a
competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair
sale, the buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably,
and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in
this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date
and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions
whereby:
o Buyer and seller are typically motivated;
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14
o Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in
what they consider their own best interests;
o A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market;
o Payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms
of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and
o The price represents the normal consideration for the property
sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales
concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, Page 21, 10th Edition, published by The
Appraisal Institute].
HISTORY OF THE PROPERTY
The subject professional building was reportedly constructed by the South
Highlands Hospital in 1981 and converted to a condominium office building in
1983. Two of the office suites, containing 6.464 percent of the leasable area
in the building were sold to two doctor practices in 1983. The hospital
provided long-term financing for most of the purchase price at the time of
those sales.
HealthSouth Medical Center, Inc., acquired the assets of the subject property
and the South Highlands Hospital in November 1989 [Deed Book 3726/Page 014].
Since this sale, HealthSouth has acquired a number of parcels around the
hospital. A new main hospital building and the Alabama Rehabilitation Center
were constructed in 1991. The American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI) was
added in 1992.
The subject professional office building has reportedly not been marketed for
sale and is not currently under an agreement of sale. No other deed transfers
were noted in the last three years. A title search is recommended for official
determination.
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15
HISTORY AND NATURE OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
United States Economic Performance and Outlook
The value of the business enterprise value is influenced by potential returns
available from alternative investments. These return expectations are affected
by economic conditions as they impact the ability of a business enterprise to
generate a return on its invested capital. Perhaps the most important economic
indicator affecting potential investor returns is the aggregate demand for
goods and services. Aggregate demand is measured by a country's Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), which is the sum of all domestic expenditures for consumption,
government services, and net exports.
As of the valuation date, the United States economy is currently mired in a
period of slow economic growth. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased at a
2.1 percent annual rate during 1992 after declining (1.2%) during 1991. The
GDP was 0.7 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively, for the first and second
quarters of 1993, or an annualized rate of 1.1 percent.
The components of GDP indicate that the economic recovery is affecting many
sectors of the economy. Personal consumption expenditures, which account for
approximately two-thirds of GDP, rose only 1.3 percent during the first half of
1993. Non-residential Fixed Investment advanced 2.2 percent and Residential
Fixed Investment grew 1.7 percent. Federal Government Purchases declined
(0.6%) over the same period. Federal Government Purchases account for 7.2
percent of the total GDP, and this decline is limited to the rate of overall
GDP growth.
The value of the business enterprise value is also affected by the current and
expected levels of inflation and interest rates. Inflation creates uncertainty
in the mind of investors as they attempt to estimate future investment returns.
This uncertainty is incorporated into both the required return on equity and
debt capital.
The economic downturn has resulted in sharply lower inflation. The Consumer
Price Index (CPI) ended 1992 with a 3.0 percent increase compared to a 4.2
percent increase during 1991. The CPI for 1993 is currently estimated at 3.3
percent. The GDP Deflator, a much broader price level index, ended 1992 with a
2.6 percent annual increase compared to a 4.0 percent increase during 1991.
The GDP Deflator is currently estimated at 2.5 percent for 1993.
-4-
16
The Federal Reserve Bank has adopted a relatively easier monetary policy as a
result of the recession. Interest rates, as represented by long-term Treasury
bond yields, declined approximately ten basis points compared to rates existing
a year earlier. Long-term corporate bond rates have also decreased and the
Federal Reserve's discount rate reductions have prompted commercial banks to
lower their prime lending rate to 6.0 percent. Selected monetary statistics
are presented in the following table.
INTEREST RATES AND SELECTED STATISTICS
JUNE 30, 1993 JANUARY 2, 1992
Federal Fund Rate 3.0% 3.9%
90-Day Treasury Bill Rate 3.1% 3.9%
30-Year Treasury Bond 6.9% 7.5%
Aaa Bond Yield 7.4% 8.2%
Prime Rate 6.0% 6.5%
Economic Outlook
According to Value Line's Quarterly Economic Review, dated June 30, 1993, the
economic recovery is now two years old, but shows much slower growth than
normal for a mature recovery. Among factors cited by Value Line for
contributing to the slow growth are "high debt, stagnant personal income, low
consumer confidence and a troubling unemployment rate". Value Line's Quarterly
Economic Review identified the following estimates for selected economic
statistics from 1993 to 1995.
1993 1994 1995
Real GDP 2.7% 3.2% 3.3%
Personal Consumption Expenditures 2.8% 2.7% 2.5%
Federal Government Purchases (5.2%) (3.0%) (4.0%)
30-Year Treasury Bond Yields 7.1% 7.2% 7.2%
Prime Rate 6.0% 6.3% 6.7%
Consumer Price Index 3.5% 3.5% 3.6%
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MARKET DATA - METROPOLITAN BIRMINGHAM
Birmingham is recognized as a leading financial, transportation, communication,
manufacturing, healthcare and distribution center for the southeast United
States. The region's central location within the state of Alabama has been a
major factor in its economic success.
The Birmingham Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of five counties
with an estimated 1992 population of 917,100. This ranks the metropolitan area
as the 46th largest in the county. The larger 16-county primary market area
contains a population of 1,341,500. A map of the Birmingham MSA is shown in
the Exhibit Section of this report.
Trends in population, housing, employment and income are contributing social
and economic forces that impact property values. Each of these elements is
discussed separately.
POPULATION
Historical data and growth projections reflect the economic climate of an area
and have both a direct and indirect impact on property values. Table 1 on the
next page shows the county population totals by decade. Table 1 also shows the
annual percentage increases in population for the individual counties in the
Birmingham MSA.
The fastest annual population growth in the Birmingham MSA occurred in the
decade of the 1980s. The rate of growth in the 1980s; however, was only 1.13
percent per year, compared to 2.0 percent to 3.0 percent per year for many
other large Southeast US metropolitan cities during the decade. The City of
Birmingham in Jefferson County, and Walker County experienced population
declines during the most recent decade.
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TABLE 1
POPULATION BY COUNTY
1970 1980 1990
COUNTY CENSUS CENSUS CENSUS
Blount 26,853 36,459 39,248
Jefferson 644,991 671,392 651,525
City of Birmingham* 300,910 286,799 265,968
Saint Claire 27,956 41,205 50,009
Shelby 38,037 66,298 99,358
Walker 56,246 68,660 67,670
TOTAL MSA 794,083 884,014 907,810
* City of Birmingham included in Jefferson County totals.
AVERAGE PERCENTAGE INCREASE
COUNTY 1970s 1980s 1990s
Blount 3.58% 0.76% N/A
Jefferson 0.41% -0.30% N/A
Saint Clair 4.74% 2.14% N/A
Shelby 7.43% 4.99% N/A
Walker 2.21% -0.14% N/A
TOTAL MSA 1.13% 0.27% 0.5%
Source: Birmingham Area Chamber of Commerce
Jefferson County, excluding the City of Birmingham, grew 1.18 percent per year
in population during the 1970s, but experienced little growth during the 1980s.
The estimated population growth rate so far in the 1990s is still slow, but
faster than experienced in the 1980s.
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HOUSING
The growth in housing in the Birmingham MSA was also slow but stable during the
1980s. As was the case in other cities during the decade, much of the new
housing occurred due to a decline in the average household size. In the
Birmingham MSA, there were 3.01 persons per household in 1970, compared to 2.41
persons per household in 1990.
So far in the 1990s, single-family housing sales have been brisk, with record
sales in 1992 and thus far in 1993. The area ranks 48th in new homes built in
1993, with 3,510 new homes the first half of 1993. New apartment construction
totaled over 6,000 units from 1987 through 1990, or an average of 1,545 per
year. New multi-family units only totaled 40 in 1992 and 140 for the first six
months of 1993. Most of the new apartment construction has been concentrated
south of the City of Birmingham along the U.S. Highway 280 and U.S. Highway 31
corridors.
Looking forward, the average household size is not expected to continue to
decline indefinitely. The growth in housing, therefore, should equal the
population growth plus the replacement of obsolete housing.
EMPLOYMENT
In the 1980s, the average annual growth in employment in the MSA was 3,520,
compared to 8,290 per year during the 1970s. So far in the 1990s, the region
is averaging 3,233 new jobs each year. The unemployment rate at the end of
1992 was 6.1 percent, compared to 7.3 percent and 7.4 percent for the state of
Alabama and the U.S., respectively.
Table 2 on the following page shows the diversity in employment in the
Birmingham MSA.
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TABLE 2
EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
SECTOR LABOR DOLLARS ESTABLISHMENTS
Health Services 11.7% 6.5%
Other Services 14.0% 26.5%
Manufacturing 15.7% 5.7%
Construction 12.0% 8.8%
Transp., Comm. & Utilities 13.8% 3.6%
Wholesale Trade 10.2% 9.5%
Retail Trade 9.8% 25.2%
Finance, Insurance, & Real Estate 9.1% 9.2%
Mining & Agricultural 3.5% 1.4%
Miscellaneous 0.2% 3.6%
REGION 100.0% 100.0%
Source: Birmingham Chamber of Commerce
In 1970, manufacturing accounted for 28.3 percent of the employment in the MSA.
By 1991, manufacturing only accounted for 13.1 percent of the area's
employment. The manufacturing jobs have been replaced with service jobs. The
service sector accounts for 25.4 percent of all jobs in 1991, versus 14.3
percent in 1970.
As of April 1993, the largest employers in the Birmingham MSA are as follows:
University of Alabama 15,696
U.S. Government 9,501
South Central Bell 7,450
State of Alabama 6,304
Birmingham City Schools 4,733
Alabama Power Company 4,611
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INCOME
Jefferson County and the Birmingham MSA are very representative of the average
per capita income and average household income in the United States. Table 3
below shows the area's income averages compared to the entire U.S.
TABLE 3
Average Per Percent Average Percent
Capita of U.S. Household of U.S.
County Income Average Income Average
Blount $13,135 70% $27,219 77%
Jefferson $18,624 100% $34,235 97%
St. Clair $13,056 70% $26,750 76%
Shelby $15,935 85% $44,813 115%
Walker $14,556 78% $26,585 75%
MSA $17,479 94% $34,315 100%
Jefferson County has approximately the same per capita income and household
income as the national average.
In summary, metropolitan Birmingham has experienced a slow but stable growth
rate in recent years. Its economic base is diverse. National trends of lower
manufacturing work forces and lower household sizes have also been the
experience in Birmingham.
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DESCRIPTIVE DATA
NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS
The subject neighborhood is identified as the "Southside" area of Birmingham.
This area is just south of the central business district (CBD) of Birmingham
and east of the Red Mountain Expressway. This neighborhood is bounded on the
north by The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) on the east by the Red
Mountain Expressway (U.S. Highway 31), on the south by Red Mountain with the
famous Vulcan Statue, and on the west by Interstate 65. A map of the
neighborhood is located in the Exhibit Section.
The Southside includes many of the city's old restored homes. The
Highland/Five Points area has undergone considerable renovation, and is
becoming a restaurant and entertainment center. The subject medical office
building, which is part of the HealthSouth Medical Center, is located
one-quarter-mile west of the Highland/Five Points area, and just north of Red
Mountain. The upscale residential communities of Homewood and Mountain Brook
are located just south and east of the Southside.
The property is situated at 1222 14th Street South. The block bounded by 11th
Avenue South, 14th Avenue South, 12th Street South and 13th Street South
contains the subject building and the HealthSouth Medical Center. East, south
and west of the property are primarily older residential areas. Some homes
have been converted to commercial uses around the hospital, and a few small
blocks have been redeveloped with small apartment buildings.
North of the HealthSouth Medical Center is UAB, which is reportedly now the
second largest university in Alabama. The University has been growing rapidly
and has absorbed most of the land uses in a six by fifteen block area. The UAB
Medical Center is considered by some to be in the same class as the Mayo Clinic
in some medical research fields.
In summary, the neighborhood is an older residential area that is undergoing
renovation and restoration. Development in the area is being driven primarily
by hospital growth, which includes the subject HealthSouth Medical Center, the
UAB Medical Center and St. Vincent's Medical Center. Although medical service
is the focus of new
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development, new retail, restaurant and residential development is also active
in the area.
ZONING
The subject property is zoned "O & I, Office and Institutional District", by
the City of Birmingham. According to the City zoning requirements, this
district provides "for the orderly arrangement of institutional, clerical and
administrative space." Permitted uses include public, semi-private or private
office; public or semi-private, religious, educational or charitable
institutions; and, other similar uses consistent with this zoning code's
purpose and surrounding uses. This zoning shall not include properties with
industrial characteristics, communal living facilities or correctional
institutions.
Other general conditions of the O & I zoning include a minimum lot width of 50
feet, setbacks from fronting streets of 25 feet, and setbacks for side yards
and rear boundaries of 10 feet and 20 feet, respectively. A larger side buffer
of 25 feet is required when the lot joins a residential district. Off-street
parking for medical institutional facilities is three spaces per 1,000 square
feet gross office area plus one space for each 400 square feet of office area
above 10,000 square feet. There is approximately 180 parking spaces, or 4.17
per 1,000 square feet of gross office area.
A letter of zoning compliance from the City of Birmingham is recommended for an
official determination regarding any zoning conformity issues.
REAL ESTATE TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS
The subject property is situated in the City of Birmingham, and subject to the
taxing authority of the City and Jefferson County. Commercial properties in
the City and County are assessed at 20 percent of tax-appraised value for tax
purposes. The 1993 millage rate is $69.50 per $1,000 of assessed value.
The individual office suites are valued and taxed separately, since the
property is a condominium. The total tax-appraised value of the subject office
condominiums owned by HealthSouth is $4,365,704. The total City and County
property taxes due in 1993 are $60,683.28. A summary of the taxes is shown in
the Exhibit Section.
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SITE ANALYSIS
The subject site is rectangularly-shaped and fronts 182.5 feet on the north
side of 14th Avenue South and 220 feet along the east side of 13th Street
South. The entire site contains 40,150 square feet, or 0.92172 acres. Since
6.46 percent of the building area is owned by two doctor practices, 6.46
percent of the site must be excluded for valuation purposes. The remaining
subject acreage is 37,556 square feet, or 0.8622 acres. A legal description of
the subject condominiums was provided to the appraisers and is included in the
Exhibit Section. A survey of the property was not available to the appraisers.
The parcel size was determined by the dimensions on a tax plat map that is also
in the Exhibit Section. We reserve the right to modify our report if the
actual acreage is found to vary significantly from the tax plat acreage.
The topography of the site slopes slightly downward from 14th Avenue South to
the front of the new HealthSouth hospital facing 11th Avenue South. The south
end of the site contains a parking deck. Just north of the parking deck is the
subject medical office building. South of the subject medical office building
is the new Alabama Sports Medicine and Orthopaedic Center and the new
HealthSouth Hospital. The older HealthSouth Hospital buildings are situated
west of the subject building. The subject building is at the crest of a hill
and does not contain any flood plain.
Utilities serving the site include water, sewer, telephone, gas and
electricity. Police services and fire protection are located in the
neighborhood.
Other site improvements consists of general landscaping, asphalt paving,
concrete paving and curbing, some shrubs and general signage. Seven staggered
levels of parking deck provide parking for approximately 180 cars.
We are not aware of any detrimental easements or encroachments encumbering the
site. Further, we assume that the subject site is not encumbered with
detrimental easements or encroachments. A copy of a Jefferson County tax plat
map is included in the Exhibit Section.
To our knowledge, no environmental study has been conducted on the subject
site. As appraisers, we are not qualified to detect hazardous materials.
Consequently, our report assumes that there are no environmentally hazardous
materials in the site or building that would adversely affect the subject
property's value.
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BUILDING AND SITE IMPROVEMENTS
BUILDING
The 1222 14th Avenue South Office Building was reportedly constructed in 1981.
It contains 56,244 gross square feet and 45,580 rentable square feet. The
subject building contains 3,117 square feet in two suites that were sold to
doctor/owners when the building was converted to a condominium in 1983.
Excluding these two suites, the building contains 53,127 gross square feet and
42,463 rentable square feet. The rentable area excludes the common area rest
rooms, the common area hallways, mechanical rooms and vertical penetrations
(stairwells, elevator shafts). The building area by floor and suite is shown
on a Leasing Status Schedule in the Exhibit Section of this report.
The building is a five-story, reinforced concrete and steel structure building,
with a brick veneer exterior. Only the storage areas in the basement of the
building are sprinklered. The building has a metal deck roof structure, with a
waterproof membrane roof and large-stone gravel covering. Ceiling finishes
consist of acoustical ceiling tiles and recessed fluorescent lighting. The
interior walls are gypsum board on metal framing. Most of the hallways have
vinyl flooring, and the suites are mostly carpeted. Windows and doors are
metal framed, and interior doors are solid-core wood.
Heating and air conditioning is supplied via a Carrier chiller and a Cleaver
Brooks boiler that are located in the basement. Additional air handlers are
located on the roof of the building. Two 91-gallon Rudd water heaters are also
in the basement.
A parking floor is located above the basement of the five-story structure.
This parking floor contains the physician's parking. There are three floors of
office space above this parking floor. The second floor parking area connects
with a staggered, six-level parking deck on the south side of the building.
The top floor of this parking decks connects with the third floor of the
professional building, or to the first floor of office space.
More detail descriptions of the buildings and site improvements are included in
the Exhibit Section of this report.
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Condition of Improvements and Obsolescence
The building is in good overall condition. It appears to have been adequately
maintained. No significant deferred maintenance was indicated from the
appraiser's inspection of the property. There does not appear to be any
functional or economic obsolescence.
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HIGHEST AND BEST USE
The Appraisal Institute defines "highest and best use" as follows:
"The reasonably probable and legal use of vacant land or an improved
property, which is physically possible, appropriately supported,
financially feasible, and that results in the highest value"
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, Page 45, 10th Edition published by The Appraisal
Institute].
The four categories of highest and best use analysis are:
1. Physically Possible - Uses which are physically possible for
the site and improvements being analyzed.
2. Legally Permissible - Uses permitted by zoning and deed
restrictions applicable to the site and improvements being
analyzed.
3. Financially Feasible - This step identifies if the physically
possible and legally permitted alternatives produce a net
income equal to or greater than the amount needed to satisfy
operating expenses.
4. Maximally Productive - This step clarifies which of the
financially feasible alternatives provides the highest value
consistent with the rate of return warranted by the market for
a particular use.
There are two types of highest and best use: THE HIGHEST AND BEST USE OF LAND
AS VACANT and THE HIGHEST AND BEST USE OF A PROPERTY AS IMPROVED. Both types
are discussed as follows using the four categories of highest and best use.
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As Vacant
The purpose of this analysis, given the site is vacant or can easily be made
vacant, is to determine if something should be constructed on the site, and, if
so, what should be constructed on the site.
PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE
The size and shape of the subject site is adequate for the development of a
number of alternative uses including small residential, commercial,
office/institutional, industrial and special-purpose properties. The site
possesses good access and visibility. The size of the parcel would preclude
any large developments.
LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE
As stated earlier in the Zoning section of this report, the property is
currently zoned "O-I, Office-Institutional". Permitted uses in this general
zoning category vary widely. Potential legal uses would include some retail
and restaurants, office/institutional, hotels, hospitals and other
medical-oriented uses.
Surrounding uses include the hospital, other professional office uses, some
apartments and some old single-family residential properties. These use
patterns would likely preclude industrial, retail or future single-family
development on the site.
FINANCIALLY FEASIBLE
Having established that the site is physically suited for and legally
restricted to office/institutional development, the next consideration is
economic feasibility. Financially feasible uses for the site, if vacant, are
those uses that would generate an economic return to the land. New hospital
related development on the north and east sides of the building indicate that
new development is financially feasible. HealthSouth Medical Center, UAB
Medical Center and St. Vincent Medical Center have all recently built new
medical office facilities.
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MAXIMALLY PRODUCTIVE
The maximally productive use is a financially feasible use that would produce
the greatest land value. Office/institutional use is physically possible and
legally permissible, and new development is financially feasible. Based on
this analysis, the current highest and best use of the land, if vacant, would
be for office/institutional development.
As Improved
The subject site is currently improved with a 42,463 rentable square foot
office building, with an adjacent parking deck and associated site
improvements. The purpose of this discussion is to determine whether to leave
the improvements as they are, to modify the improvements or to remove the
improvements.
PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE
It would obviously be physically possible to leave the improvements as they
are, to demolish the existing improvements and replace them with new
improvements, or to make minor repairs to the deferred maintenance items on the
property. The improvements are considered functional.
LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE
The improvements, as improved, are a legal conforming use according to the City
of Birmingham zoning guidelines. Under the zoning, the property could remain
as it is, be torn down or renovated.
FINANCIALLY FEASIBLE
The highest and best use of the land, if vacant, was to develop with an
office/institutional use based on the adjacent hospital's growth needs. Of the
physically possible and legally permissible changes that could be made to the
existing facility, demolishing the building would significantly reduce the
current asset value, and would not be financially feasible. It would, however,
be financially feasible to correct any deferred maintenance.
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MAXIMALLY PRODUCTIVE
The maximally productive use for the existing property is the financially
feasible use that produces the greatest property value. The only financially
feasible use is to correct any deferred maintenance that currently exists.
This will enable to the property to remain competitive in the leasing market.
The highest and best use, as improved, is to not make any major changes to the
current asset use. The improvements represent the current highest and best use
of the property.
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VALUATION SECTION
VALUATION METHODOLOGY
There are three principal methods to estimate the market value of the assets of
the subject property. These are summarized as follows:
COST APPROACH: This method is based on the principle of substitution,
whereby no investor would prudently pay more for a property than it
costs to buy land and build a comparable new building. The market
value is estimated by calculating the replacement costs of a new
building and subtracting all forms of depreciation and obsolescence
present in the existing facility. This provides a depreciated value
of the subject improvements if replaced new. The estimate of the
current value of the subject land is then added to provide a market
value of the property.
DIRECT SALES COMPARISON APPROACH: The principle of substitution also
says that market value can be estimated as the cost of acquiring an
equally desirable substitute property, assuming no costly delay in
making the substitution. This method analyses the sales of other
comparable improved properties. Since two properties are rarely
identical, the necessary adjustments for differences in quality,
location, size, services and market appeal are a function of appraisal
experience and judgment.
INCOME APPROACH: This method is based on the principle of
anticipation, which recognizes that underlying value of the subject
property can be estimated by its cash flow or stream of earnings.
This approach simulates the future earnings for the property, and
converts those earnings into a present market value estimate.
Consideration has been given to each of the three methods to arrive at a final
opinion of value. The application of each approach to value is further
discussed in the appropriate sections which follow.
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COST APPROACH
In the Cost Approach, the subject property is valued based upon the market
value of the land, as if vacant, to which is added the depreciated replacement
cost of the improvements. The replacement cost new of the improvements is
adjusted for accrued depreciation resulting from physical deterioration,
functional obsolescence, and external (or economic) obsolescence.
The cost analysis involves three basic steps:
o Land value estimate.
o Estimated replacement cost of the improvements.
o Estimation of the accrued depreciation from all causes.
The sum of the market value of the land and the depreciated replacement cost of
the improvements and equipment is the estimated market value via the Cost
Approach.
Land Valuation
Land valuation, assuming the site is vacant, is based upon the following steps:
o A comparison with recent sales and/or asking prices for
similar land.
o Interviews with reliable real estate brokers and other
informed sources who are familiar with local real estate
activity.
o Our experience in estimating land values.
The following sales are located within the general market area of the subject
property and are considered to be representative of market activity and
conditions as of the valuation date. Unless otherwise indicated, the sales
involved arms-length transactions that conveyed a fee simple interest, and only
real property was included in the transactions.
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Land Comparable Number 1
Parcel Number: 29-01-3-008-7
Location: East side of 13th Street South across from the new Alabama Sports Medicine and Orthopedic
Center and the new HealthSouth Hospital.
Size: 7,000 square feet
Sale Date: April 29, 1993
Deed Book/Page: 4544/195
Grantor: Randall J. Westbrook
Grantee: HealthSouth Medical Center, Inc.
Sale Price: $135,000
Price Per Square Foot: $19.29
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Zoning: Office/Institutional
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was part of 15 parcels assembled from 1990-1992 for the construction of the
Sports Medicine Institute and additional parking. The average price for the 15 parcels
was $18.16 per square foot. The Grantor in this transaction is an employee of the
Grantee that acquired the property on July 10, 1992, from Dwain Pitts, et al, for the
same price [Deed Book 4313/Page 978].
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Land Comparable Number 2
Parcel Number: 29-01-3-010-4
Location: West side of 12th Street South adjacent to an existing parking lot across from the old
entrance to the HealthSouth Medical Center.
Size: 8,160 square feet
Sale Date: April 29, 1993
Deed Book/Page: 4544/197
Grantor: Vicki E. Owens
Grantee: HealthSouth Medical Center, Inc.
Sale Price: $66,000
Price Per Square Foot: $8.07
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was purchased for future parking needs by the hospital. The hospital
purchased the property based solely on land value and considered the forty year old house
on the site to be only a temporary use until additional parking is needed. The Grantor
in this transaction is an employee of the Grantee that acquired the property on October
30, 1992 from Robert Vests for the same price [Deed Book 4410/Page 819].
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Land Comparable Number 3
Parcel Number: 29-01-3-005-3
Location: Northeast corner of 12th Street South and 11th Avenue South, one block north of the
HealthSouth Medical Center.
Size: 45,600 square feet
Sale Date: November 13, 1990
Deed Book/Page: 3972/250
Grantor: Eleventh Avenue United Methodist Church
Grantee: HealthSouth Medical Center, Inc.
Sale Price: $1,500,000
Price Per Square Foot: $32.89
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Zoning: Office/Institutional
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was a church before being sold to HealthSouth. Part of the improvements have
been removed and the site is used as overflow parking by the hospital. The remainder of
the building is scheduled to be removed in the near future.
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Land Comparable Number 4
Location: Northeast corner of 17th Street and 11th Avenue approximately one-quarter-mile south of
the University of Alabama Medical Center and one-half-mile northeast of the subject.
Size: 16,000 square feet
Sale Date: January 2, 1990
Deed Book/Page: 3951/388
Grantor: Jo Anne Jackson
Grantee: Board of Trustees of University of Alabama
Sale Price: $240,000
Price Per Square Foot: $15.00
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Zoning: Office/Institutional
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel contains an old doctor's building that is boarded-up and no longer used. The
building does not contribute any value.
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Land Comparable Number 5 - Current Listing
Location: Northwest corner of 19th Street and 5th Avenue South, just north of the University of
Alabama Medical Center (UAB).
Size: 56,000 square feet
Owner: Mr. Hill
Asking Price: $3,080,000
Price Per Square Foot: $55.00
Shape: Retectangular
Zoning: M-1 Light Industrial, but permitted for the construction of an 11-story, 220,000 square
foot office building.
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This vacant parcel is across from UAB and a high rise apartment building that is
currently under construction. The owner has been offered approximately $35 per foot.
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A summary of the land sales and listing is shown as follows:
SUMMARY OF LAND COMPARABLES
LAND SALE SIZE PRICE
COMP LOCATION DATE (SF) PER SF
1 13th Street South 04/93 7,000 $19.29
2 12th Street South 04/93 8,160 $ 8.07
3 12th Street South 11/90 45,600 $32.89
4 17th Street 01/90 16,000 $15.00
5 19th Street Listing 56,000 $55.00
SUBJECT 14TH AVENUE SOUTH 37,556
Discussion of Land Comparables
LAND COMPARABLE 1 was one parcel of 15 that were assembled by the hospital
around what is now the American Sports Medicine Institute. Downward
adjustments are indicated because of the more level topography of this parcel
and because of its smaller size. The adjustments are shown on a Land Sale
Adjustment Grid at the end of this discussion. The adjusted price per square
foot of this comparable is $17.98 per square foot.
LAND COMPARABLE 2 was a parcel containing an old house. The site was purchased
by the hospital for future parking needs of the hospital. The improvements
were not considered to have any significant value. A large upward adjustment
is indicated because of the inferior location of this parcel compared to the
subject that is adjacent to the hospital. Downward adjustments are indicated
because of the comparable's level topography and its smaller size. The
adjusted price per square foot of this comparable is $9.71.
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LAND COMPARABLE 3 was a 45,600 square foot parcel north of the hospital that
contained a Methodist Church. The church has relocated and the land is being
used for hospital overflow parking. The remaining building is reportedly
scheduled to be removed in the near future. Downward adjustments are indicated
because of the declining economy since this purchase and because of the level
topography of this site. The adjusted price for this comparable is $28.12 per
square foot.
LAND COMPARABLE 4 is a parcel that UAB purchased for future parking or
development. It is located one-quarter-mile south of the UAB campus. An
upward adjustment is indicated due to the inferior location of this comparable.
A downward adjustment is indicated for size. The adjusted price per square
foot of this comparable is $15.53.
LAND COMPARABLE 5 is the current listing of a site just north of UAB Medical
Center. This site is zoned for high-rise development. A significant downward
adjustment is indicated because this is a listing rather than an actual sale.
Downward adjustments are also indicated for location, topography and due to the
superior zoning. The adjusted price per square foot of this comparable is
$30.94 per square foot.
The adjusted land prices range from $9.71 per square foot to $30.94 per square
foot, with the prices of the most comparable sites being in the middle of this
range. Based on our analysis of the subject versus these comparables, it is
our opinion that a land price of $18.50 per square is representative of the
subject site. The average price per square foot for the land assembled around
what is now the American Sports Medicine Institute was $18.16 per square foot.
The subject land value is estimated as follows:
37,556 SF x $18.50/SF = $694,786
Rounded to: $695,000
========
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L A N D S A L E A D J U S T M E N T G R I D
HealthSouth Professional Building
Birmingham, Alabama
Subject Land Comp Land Comp Land Comp Land Comp Land Comp
Element #1 #2 #3 #4 #5
Sale Price/SF $19.29 $8.09 $32.89 $15.00 $55.00
Property Rights Fee Simple Same Same Same Same Same
Adjustment
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $19.29 $8.09 $32.89 $15.00 $55.00
Financing Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash
Adjustment
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $19.29 $8.09 $32.89 $15.00 $55.00
Conditions of Sale None None None None Listing
Adjustment -25%
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $19.29 $8.09 $32.89 $15.00 $41.25
Market/Time Effective
Adjustment Sep - 93 0% 0% -10% -10% 0%
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $19.29 $8.09 $29.60 $13.50 $41.25
Other Adjustments
Location Adjustment 0% 30% 0% 20% -10%
Topography Adjustment -5% -5% -5% 0% -5%
Size Adjustment -5% -5% 0% -5% 0%
Zoning Adjustment 0% 0% 0% 0% -10%
Net Other Adjustments -10% 20% -5% 15% -25%
FINAL ADJUSTED PRICE PER SF $17.36 $9.71 $28.12 $15.53 $30.94
============================================================
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Building and Site Improvements
The building and site improvements have been valued on the basis of replacement
cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost new was estimated via the
segregated cost method, with cost factors obtained from Marshall Valuation
Services, Inc., a national cost manual. The unit cost includes both direct and
indirect costs, with adjustments made for special building features,
construction quality, time and location. The composite unit cost has then been
applied to the gross square footage of the building to derive the replacement
cost new. The total project replacement costs for the subject building are
estimated to be $5,767,449.
The total accumulated depreciation of a structure represents the loss in value
due to physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, or external (or
economic) obsolescence. Economic life of a structure or improvement is the
period over which they contribute to the value of the property. These terms
are defined as follows:
Physical Deterioration: The loss in value due to deterioration or
ordinary wear and tear, i.e., natural forces taking their toll of the
improvements. This begins at the time the building is completed and
continues throughout its physical life.
Functional Obsolescence: The loss in value due to poor plan,
functional inadequacy, or super-adequacy due to size, style, design, or
other items. This form of depreciation occurs in both curable or
incurable forms.
External (or Economic) Obsolescence: The loss in value caused by
forces outside the property itself. It can take many forms such as
excessive noise levels, traffic congestion, abnormally high crime
rates, or any other factors which affect a property's ability to
produce an economic income, thereby causing a decline in desirability.
Other forms of economic obsolescence may include governmental
restrictions, excessive taxes, or economic trends.
Economic Life: The economic life of a good quality medical office
buildings is typically 40 to 50 years. For the subject Class B
building, we have assumed an economic life of 45 years.
Remaining Economic Life: Remaining economic life can be defined as the
number of years remaining in the economic life of the structure or
structural components as of the date of the appraisal.
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Marshall Valuation Services, Inc., and the actual experience of other buildings
in the market, were use to estimate the overall economic life of the
improvements. The assignment of economic lives assumed that, except for the
building shell and foundation, building components would be replaced
periodically over the life of the building.
Physical Depreciation
The amount of physical depreciation and obsolescence in the subject building is
judged normal for a building of this age. Observation of the subject property
indicated that the structure and related component parts have been adequately
maintained through a continuous maintenance service program.
The subject property was constructed in 1981, and it is in average to good
condition. After taking into consideration all significant physical factors
affecting the subject property, it is judged that the subject has an effective
age equal to its actual age of twelve years. The remaining useful life is
estimated to be 33 years. This translates into a physical depreciation
estimate of 26.7 percent (12 years divided by 45 years). The amount of
depreciation attributable to the property has been estimated on a straight-line
basis, which is founded on the assumption that depreciation of a property
occurs equally throughout its economic life.
The elements which make up site improvements have shorter economic lives than
the building. We have estimated the aggregate useful lives of these items to
be 15 years with an effective age of seven years and a remaining useful life of
8 years. Therefore, the depreciation rate attributable to the site
improvements on a straight-line basis is estimated to be approximately 46.7
percent. Entrepreneurial profit and miscellaneous replacement costs are
depreciated at a blended depreciate rate.
The total depreciation for the building is estimated to be $1,570,836, and the
depreciated value of the building replacement costs to be $4,196,613.
Approximately 4.64 percent of the subject building was sold to physician's
practices and is not considered part of the subject premises. Subtracting 4.64
percent of the depreciated building replacement costs, or $194,723, leaves
$4,001,890 as the Depreciated Replacement Costs for the subject premises.
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Cost Approach Conclusion
The schedule on the following page is a summary of the estimated replacement
cost by category for the subject building plus estimates of all forms of
depreciation.
Based on the investigation as previously defined, the market value of the
subject property by the Cost Approach, as of September 29, 1993, is:
$4,700,000
==========
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SUMMARY OF REPLACEMENT COSTS NEW
1222 14th AVENUE SOUTH
DOLLARS
Site Preparation $ 52,516
Foundation $ 117,411
Frame $ 513,738
Exterior Walls $ 287,208
Floors $ 392,233
Roof $ 100,716
Roof Cover $ 35,394
Part. & Blt. in $ 1,074,228
Ceilings $ 254,796
Floor Coverings $ 154,706
Plumbing $ 291,696
HVAC $ 568,459
Electrical $ 359,139
Other Features (Includes parking deck) $ 654,289
-----------
Total Building Replacement Costs $ 4,856,529
Site Improvement Replacement Costs $ 143,780
-----------
Total Replacemsnt Cost $ 5,000,309
Architect's Fees Plans and Specs. (Of Building Costs) 4.00% $ 194,261
Architect's Fees, Supervision (Of Building Costs) 1.50% $ 72,848
Entrepreneurial Overhead, Profit, 10.00%
and Other Miscellaneous Fees (Of Total Replacement Costs) $ 500,031
-----------
Total Other Costs $ 767,140
Total Project Replacement Cost $ 5,767,449
Accrued Depreciation:
Building Replacement Costs 26.7% Straight Line 12/45ths $1,294,751
Site Improvement Costs 46.7% 7 Years/15 Years $ 67,145
Other Costs 27.2% Blended Rate $ 208,940
----------
Total Physical Depreciation $1,570,836
Functional & Economic Depreciation $ 0
-----------
Less Total Depreciation (All Forms) $(1,570,836)
-----------
Depreciated Value of Replacement Costs - Entire Building $ 4,196,613
Less: 4.64% of Total Costs due to Doctor/owned Suites $ (195,133)
-----------
Depreciated Value of Replacement Costs - Subject Premises $ 4,001,480
Plus Land Value $ 695,000
-----------
DEPRECIATED COST APPROACH VALUE $ 4,696,480
ROUNDED TO: $ 4,700,000
===========
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DIRECT SALES COMPARISON APPROACH
The Direct Sales Comparison Approach is based upon the principle of
substitution; that is, when a property is replaceable in the market, its value
tends to be set at the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute
property, assuming there is no costly delay in making the substitution. Since
two properties are rarely identical, the necessary adjustments for differences
in quality, location, size, services and market appeal are a function of
appraisal experience and judgment.
The Direct Sales Comparison Approach gives consideration to actual sales of
other similar properties with adjustments as previously stated. The sales
prices are analyzed in common denominators and applied to the subject property
in respective categories to be indicative of market value.
The unit of comparison used in this analysis is the price per square foot,
which is the gross purchase price of the building divided by the net leasable
area in the building. The following sales are considered to be representative
of market activity and conditions as of the valuation date. Unless otherwise
indicated, the sales involved arms-length transactions that conveyed a fee
simple interest, and only real property was included in the transactions.
Also, all purchase prices quoted in this report represent all cash sales unless
seller financing is noted and the sale prices adjusted for cash equivalency.
A secondary unit of comparison used in this analysis is a effective gross
income multiplier (EGIM). This gives an indication of market value as a
multiple of stabilized property income. This method is less reliable than the
sales per square foot method, and will be given less emphasis for this reason.
In our analysis, we obtained details on four professional office building sales
which have occurred over the past two years. The terms of the sale and
significant data was verified to the extent possible by county deed records and
with parties to the transaction. Information on these sales is shown on the
following pages:
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IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 1
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: 1770 Independence Court, Homewood,
Jefferson County, Alabama
Date of Sale: March 9, 1993
Deed Book/Page: 4223/115
Grantor: Brookwood Medical & Dental Group
Grantee: Proxy Land Development Corporation
Sale Price: $850,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 92,200 square feet
Building Size: 7,808 square feet - gross
6,928 square feet - leasable
Year Built: 1984
Occupancy at Sale: 100%
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income: $100,456 $14.50
Vacancy Allowance @ 5%: $ 5,023 $ 0.73
-------- ------
Effective Gross Income: $ 95,433 $13.77
Estimated Expenses @ $4.00: $ 27,712 $ 4.00
-------- ------
Net Operating Income: $ 67,721 $ 9.77
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Square Foot: $ 122.69
Stabilized Overall Rate: 8.0%
EGIM: 8.91
COMMENTS
The Grantor was an affiliate of HealthSouth Medical Center. The hospital paid
more than market value for the building, so the Grantee/physician would move
his surgical practice to the HealthSouth Medical Center. The location and
building quality for this comparable are very inferior to the subject property.
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IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 2
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: West side of 20th Street South at the
address 908 20th Street South in Birmingham, Alabama
Date of Sale: December 20, 1991
Deed Book/Page: 4166/170
Grantor: The Byrd Company, Inc.
Grantee: Board of Trustees of the University of
Alabama
Sale Price: $3,750,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 82,460 square feet
Building Size: 52,440 square feet - gross
44,574 square feet - leasable
Year Built: 1964
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income: $624,036 $14.00
Vacancy Allowance @ 10%: $ 62,404 $ 1.40
------
Effective Gross Income: $561,632 $12.60
Estimated Expenses @ $6.00/SF $222,870 $ 5.00
-------- ------
Net Operating Income: $338,762 $ 7.60
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Square Foot: $ 84.13
Stabilized Overall Rate: 9.0%
EGIM: 6.68
COMMENTS
This three-story building was purchased by the UAB Medical Center. A Medical
Genetics Center now occupies the facility. The current land value near the UAB
campus is estimated at 40% to 45% of the total purchase price.
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SITE PLAN EXHIBIT F
(Map)
HEALTHSOUTH REHABILITATION CENTER
OF LITTLE ROCK
LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS
49
IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 3
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: 1260 Upper Hembree Road in
Roswell, Fulton County, Georgia
Date of Sale: November 20, 1991
Deed Book/Page: 14752/1-8
Grantor: Upper Hembree Associates II, Ltd.
Grantee: Medical Plaza, Inc.
Sale Price: $4,525,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 1.65 acres (approximate)
Building Size: 32,500 square feet
Year Built: 1991
Occupancy at Sale: 100%
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income*: $671,125 $20.65
Vacancy Allowance @ 5%: $ 33,556 $ 1.03
-------- ------
Effective Gross Income: $637,569 $19.62
Estimated Expenses @ $6.00/SF $178,750 $ 5.50
-------- ------
Net Operating Income: $458,819 $14.12
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Square Foot: $139.23
Stabilized Overall Rate: 10.1%
EGIM: 7.10
COMMENTS
This property included three buildings containing 12,400 SF, 12,000 SF and
8,100 SF. The first two buildings were leased to North Fulton Hospital for
seven years. The first 12,400 SF was leased for $16.00/SF net, and the other
12,000 SF was leased for $16.25/SF net. The tenants were responsible for all
costs but structural maintenance and management.
* The rents were adjusted upward $4.50/SF for gross comparison.
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IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 4
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: 38A Lenox Pointe, Atlanta, Fulton
County, Georgia
Date of Sale: August 26, 1992
Deed Book/Page: 15703/336
Grantor: Cates Construction Company
Grantee: Dr. Laura J. Mills
Sale Price: $184,000
Terms of Sale: Third-party financing had no impact
on the purchase price
PROPERTY DATA
Parcel Number: 17-6-4-38A
Building Size: 86,206 square feet
Year Built: 1992
Occupancy at Sale: Vacant/New
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income: $21,600 $18.00
Vacancy Allowance: $ 1,080 $ 0.90
------
Effective Gross Income: $20,520 $17.10
Estimated Expenses @ $4.50/SF: $ 5,400 $ 4.50
------- ------
Net Operating Income: $15,120 $12.60
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Square Foot: $153.33
Stabilized Overall Rate: 8.2%
EGIM: 8.97
COMMENTS
This is a two-story office building that was constructed specifically for a
dental practice. The construction is wood-frame with brick veneer siding. It
is situated among the Lenox Pointe Office buildings at the intersection of
Lenox Road and Buford Highway.
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These four sales are summarized as follows:
SUMMARY OF IMPROVED SALES
SALE RENTABLE PRICE PER
NO. ADDRESS (SQUARE FEET) SALE PRICE SQUARE FOOT
1 Independence Court 6,928 $ 850,000 $122.69
Birmingham, Alabama
2 20th Street South 44,574 $3,750,000 $ 84.13
Birmingham, Alabama
3 1260 Upper Hembree 32,500 $4,525,000 $139.23
Roswell, Georgia
4 38A Lenox Pointe 86,205 $ 184,000 $153.33
Atlanta, Georgia
The unadjusted prices of these comparables range from $84.13 per square foot to
$153.33 per square foot. Each of the comparables will be discussed and
adjusted for comparisons with the subject property. An Improved Sales
Adjustment Matrix is shown at the end of this section.
SALE 1 is a Class C professional office building that is located near the
Brookwood Medical Center. An affiliate of HealthSouth Medical Center purchased
this building to entice its physician/owner to move his practice to their
facility. This transaction was reportedly at a market value price. However, a
downward adjustment is still indicated because the building never was marketed
as a vacant building due to this relationship. The building is located at the
end of a steep winding road, and has poor visibility. An upward adjustment is
indicated due to this inferior location compared to the subject. An offsetting
downward adjustment to the price per square foot is indicated because of the
smaller size of this comparable. An upward adjustment to this comparable is
indicated because of the subject's superior construction quality. A downward
adjustment is indicated because the subject building is a condominium causing
its marketability to be somewhat restricted. The adjusted price per square
foot of this comparable is $109.50.
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SALE 2 is the sale of a building purchased by UAB to use as a Medical Genetics
Center. Upward adjustments are indicated because of the subject's superior
location, and because of the older age of this comparable. A downward
adjustment is indicated because the subject building is a condominium causing
its marketability to be restricted. The adjusted price for this comparable is
$105.16 per square foot.
SALE 3 was the sale of a three-building professional office facility that is
located approximately one-quarter-mile from the North Fulton Medical Center in
Roswell, Georgia. Downward adjustments to the price per square foot of this
comparable are indicated because it is new and smaller than the subject
facility. A downward adjustment is also indicated because 80 percent of this
facility was net leased to the hospital. A further downward adjustment is
indicated because the subject building is a condominium causing its
marketability to be restricted. Upward adjustments are indicated due to the
subject's superior location and construction quality. The adjusted price per
square foot of this comparable is $111.38.
SALE 4 was the August 1992 sale of a small dental office building in Atlanta,
Georgia. A large downward adjustment to the price per foot of this comparable
is indicated because of the comparable's small size. Downward adjustments are
also indicated because this building is new and because the subject facility is
a condominium. Upward adjustments are indicated for location and for quality.
The adjusted price for this comparable is $107.33 per square foot.
The adjusted prices per square foot range from $105.16 to $111.38. An adjusted
price of $108.00 per square foot is representative of the subject property.
Based on this analysis, the market value of the subject property by the Direct
Sales Comparison Approach, as of September 29, 1993, the effective date of this
report, is calculated as follows:
42,463 SF x $108.00/SF = $4,586,004
Rounded to: $4,585,000
==========
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I M P R O V E D S A L E A D J U S T M E N T G R I D
HealthSouth Professional Building
Birmingham, Alabama
Subject Improved Sale Improved Sale Improved Sale Improved Sale
Element #1 #2 #3 #4
Sale Price/SF $122.69 $ 84.13 $139.23 $153.33
Property Rights Fee Simple Same Same Same Same
Adjustment
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $122.69 $ 84.13 $139.23 $153.33
Financing Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash
Adjustment
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $122.69 $ 84.13 $139.23 $153.33
Conditions of Sale Relationship None None None
Adjustment -10.0%
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $104.29 $ 84.13 $139.23 $153.33
Market/Time Effective
Adjustment Sep - 93 0% 0% 0% 0%
------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $104.29 $ 84.13 $139.23 $153.33
Other Adjustments
Location Adjustment 25% 20% 5% 10%
Age/Condition Adjustment 0% 10% -10% -10%
Size Adjustment -25% 0% -10% -35%
Quality Adjustment 10% 0% 10% 10%
Condominium Adjustment -5% -5% -5% -5%
Leasing
Other Adjustment 0% 0% -10% 0%
Net Other Adjustments 5% 25% -20% -30%
FINAL ADJUSTED PRICE PER SF $109.50 $105.16 $111.38 $107.33
============================================================
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INCOME APPROACH
The Income Approach is based on the principle of anticipation, and has as its
premise that value is represented by the present worth of expected future
benefits. The price that an investor will pay for an income property usually
depends on the anticipated income stream. The Income Approach represents an
attempt to simulate the future cash flows for the property, and to quantify the
future benefits in present dollars.
The subject property is one of nine professional office buildings that
HealthSouth is selling for the purpose of establishing a real estate investment
trust (REIT). HealthSouth Corporation, the seller, will provide a net rental
guarantee in the form of a master lease. The Reit, as the new property owner,
will receive the net rental master lease rate per square foot of rentable office
area regardless of the rental rates charged or received from the actual
physician/tenants.
This master lease is a credit enhancement vehicle that will enable the REIT
issuer to sell the REIT shares. It will also allow HealthSouth leasing
flexibility for the office space. HealthSouth can lease office space to various
physicians at different rates and terms, or they can use the office space for
hospital purposes.
The appraisers received a draft of the form of the master lease agreement, but
the actual master lease agreements for each property are not yet available. For
the purpose of our Income Approach, the gross income will be the master lease
rate for each property times the rentable building area. We reserve the right
to modify the Income Approach valuation if the actual master lease for each
property differs significantly from the draft lease presented to us.
The gross income for the subject property is calculated as follows:
42,463 SF x $12.50/SF = $530,788
The subject appraisal assumes that 100 percent of the income is guaranteed
through the master lease agreement. Since the leased fee interest is being
appraised, there is no deduction for vacancy or credit loss.
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Since the master lease provides for an income level to the REIT net of all
operating expenses, the only out-of-pocket expenses to the REIT will be
accounting, legal and internal administration or management expenses. These
management expenses are estimated at 5.0 percent of effective gross income, or
$26,539, based on the management experience of other properties. The net
operating income for the property is $530,788 less $26,539, or $504,249.
The estimated direct capitalization rates, or overall rates (OARs), for the
four improved sale comparables presented in the Direct Sales Comparison Section
of this report are summarized as follows:
Sale No. Property Location Sale Date OAR (%)
1 Independence Court March 1993 8.0%
Birmingham, Alabama
2 20th Street South December 1992 9.0%
Birmingham, Alabama
3 Upper Hembree November 1991 10.1%
Roswell, Georgia
4 Lenox Pointe August 1992 8.2%
Atlanta, Georgia
The direct capitalization, or overall rates, for these comparables ranged from
8.0 percent to 10.1 percent.
A capitalization rate at 10.5 percent, is considered appropriate because
effective comparable market net lease rates are $1.00 to $1.50 per square foot
less than the master lease rate of $12.50 per square foot.
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Therefore, it is our opinion that the market value of the subject property by
the Income Approach is calculated and rounded as follows:
Net Operating Income\OAR = Estimated Value
$504,249\.105 = $4,802,371
Rounded to: $4,800,000
==========
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CORRELATION AND CONCLUSION
We have considered three approaches to value in order to estimate the value of
the 1222 14th Avenue South Office Building. The three approaches are
summarized as follows:
Cost Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,700,000
Direct Sales Comparison Approach . . . . . . . $4,585,000
Income Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,800,000
The Cost Approach involved a detailed analysis of the individual components of
the property. These costs were estimated using sources which were considered
to be reliable. However, estimating the replacement cost and all forms of
depreciation for a twelve year old building is difficult. For this reasons,
this approach is only considered a fair indicator of value for the subject
property.
The Direct Sales Comparison Approach is based on the price that investors and
owner-occupants have recently paid for comparable professional office
buildings. The quantity and quality of data available in this approach was
considered good, but two of the four sales were not properties located in the
Birmingham market. The appraisers only consider this approach to be a fair
indicator of value for the subject property.
The Income Approach normally provides the most reliable value estimate for
professional office buildings such as the subject. Although many buyers of
professional office buildings are owner/occupants, these buyers are generally
aware of a property's cash flow potential and its value from an investor's
perspective. For this reason, the Income Approach is considered the best
indicator of value for the subject property.
Based on this analysis, it is our opinion that the market value of the 1222
14th Avenue South Office Building, as of September 29, 1993, and based on the
assumptions and limiting conditions in this report, is:
$4,750,000
==========
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