AN APPRAISAL OF
THE GOODYEAR CLINIC
THE HAMITER BUILDING
AND
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II
GADSDEN, ALABAMA
2
(LOGO) VALUATION COUNSELORS GROUP, INC.
340 Interstate North Parkway
Atlanta, Georgia 30339
(404) 955-0088
(Fax) 955-0466
February 25, 1994
Crescent Capital Trust, Inc.
One Perimeter Park South
Suite 335-S
Birmingham, Alabama 35243
Attention: Mr. John W. McRoberts
President & Chief Financial Officer
Gentlemen:
In accordance with your request, we are pleased to submit this appraisal report
covering the market value of the three professional office buildings identified
as follows:
THE GOODYEAR CLINIC, 851 GOODYEAR AVENUE
THE HAMITER BUILDING, 100 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
AND
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II, 300 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
GADSDEN, ALABAMA
The purpose of this valuation is to estimate the market value of the subject
property's leased fee estate as of January 1, 1994, the effective date of this
report. The report is to be used for asset valuation purposes. Crescent
Capital Trust is acquiring these office buildings for the purpose of
establishing a real estate investment trust (REIT). This valuation assumes
that the prospective REIT is the owner of the property with Quorum Health Group
guaranteeing an annual rental income stream of $1,327,501. This would
correlate to an average annual square foot amount, based upon the total
leasable square footage of the subject building, of $13.00 (rounded).
This appraisal investigation includes visits to the facility, discussions with
the current owners and management of the property, a review of available
financial data, discussions with local brokers and government offices, and
research and analysis of the market.
3
Crescent Capital Trust, Inc.
February 25, 1994
Page Two
"Market value" is defined as:
"The most probable price which a property should bring in a
competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair
sale, the buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably,
and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in
this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date
and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions
whereby:
o Buyer and seller are typically motivated;
o Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in
what they consider their own best interests;
o A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market;
o Payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms
of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and
o The price represents the normal consideration for the property
sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales
concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, p. 21, 10th Ed., published by The
Appraisal Institute.]
The Goodyear Clinic is a one-story, 13,998 square foot building constructed in
1977 with a rentable area of 13,998 square feet. This building is currently
100 percent occupied. The Hamiter Building is a four-story building
constructed in 1979 and contains a total of 51,000 square feet with a leasable
area of 38,154 square feet. This building is currently 100 percent occupied.
The Baptist Medical Building II is a five-story, 62,500 square foot, building
constructed in 1993 with a leasable area of 50,589 square feet. This building
was approximately 43 percent occupied during our site inspection, but has
subsequently been further leased.
In arriving at the opinion expressed in this report, it is assumed that the
title to the property is free and clear and held under responsible ownership.
The information furnished us by others is believed to be reliable, but no
responsibility for its accuracy is assumed. The value reported herein is based
upon the integrity of the information provided.
4
Crescent Capital Trust, Inc.
February 25, 1994
Page Three
Based upon the procedures, assumptions and conditions outlined in this report,
we estimate the market value of the leased fee interest in the subject
professional office buildings, as of January 1, 1994, to be as follows:
$12,600,000
A significant assumption in this report is that all parking easements will be
granted to allow full utilization of the buildings.
We have no responsibility to update our report for events and circumstances
occurring after the date of this report.
Neither the whole, nor any part of this appraisal or any reference thereto may
be included in any document, statement, appraisal or circular without Valuation
Counselors Group, Inc.'s prior written approval of the form and context in
which it appears.
This appraisal report consists of the following:
o This letter outlining the services performed;
o Certifications of the appraisers;
o A Statement of Facts and Limiting Conditions;
o A Summary of Salient Facts and Conclusions;
o A Narrative section detailing the appraisal of the property;
and
o An Exhibit section containing supplementary data.
A copy of this report and the working papers from which it was prepared will be
kept in our files for eight years.
Respectfully submitted,
VALUATION COUNSELORS GROUP, INC.
/s/ Patrick J. Simers
------------------------------
Patrick J. Simers
Managing Director
PJS:mhb
094-1536R.1.2.3
5
APPRAISER CERTIFICATION
We, the undersigned, do hereby certify that to the best of our knowledge and
belief:
The statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct.
The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only by
the reported assumptions and limiting conditions and are our personal,
unbiased professional analyses, opinions, and conclusions.
We have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the
subject of this report, and have no personal interest or bias with
respect to the parties involved.
Our compensation is not contingent on an action or event resulting
from the analyses, opinions, or conclusions in or the use of this
report.
Our analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this
report has been prepared in conformity with the requirements of the
Code of Professional Ethics, the Appraisal Institute, American Society
of Appraisers, and the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal
Practice.
The use of this report is subject to the requirements of the Appraisal
Institute and American Society of Appraisers relating to review by its
duly authorized representatives.
Cheryl Worthy-Pickett and Patrick J. Simers have made a personal
inspection of the property that is the subject of this report.
Cheryl Worthy-Pickett has provided significant professional assistance
to the person signing this report.
This assignment was made subject to regulations of the State of
Alabama Real Estate Appraisers Board. The undersigned state certified
appraiser has met the requirements of the board that allow this report
to be regarded as a "certified appraisal".
/s/ Patrick J. Simers /s/ Cheryl Worthy-Pickett
---------------------------- --------------------------
Patrick J. Simers Cheryl Worthy-Pickett
Managing Director Senior Appraiser
Alabama Certified General Real Estate
Appraiser No. CG00375
6
State of Alabama [SEAL]
This is to certify that /s/ Lanett Davis
/s/ W. Phil Fowler
PATRICK J. SIMERS
/s/ F. L. Clark
having given satisfactory evidence of the necessary
/s/ Stu Graham
qualifications required by the laws of the State of Alabama
/s/ James ___ Perry, Jr.
is authorized to transact business in Alabama as a
/s/ George C. Washington
CERTIFIED GENERAL REAL ESTATE APPRAISER /s/ Edward Forand
/s/ Robert E. Nesbin
with all the rights, privileges and obligations
/s/ William R. Sizemore
appurtenant thereto.
ALABAMA REAL ESTATE
APPRAISERS BOARD
Certificate Number: CG00375 Expiration Date: SEPT. 30, 1995
7
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. strives to clearly and accurately disclose the
assumptions and limiting conditions that directly affect an appraisal analysis,
opinion, or conclusion. To assist the reader in interpreting this report, such
assumptions are set forth as follows:
Appraisals are performed, and written reports are prepared by, or under the
supervision of, members of the Appraisal Institute in accordance with the
Institute's Standard of Professional Practice and Code of Professional Ethics.
Appraisal assignments are accepted with the understanding that there is no
obligation to furnish services after completion of the original assignment. If
the need for subsequent services related to an appraisal assignment (e.g.,
testimony, updates, conferences, reprint or copy services) is contemplated,
special arrangements acceptable to Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. must be
made in advance. Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. reserves the right to make
adjustments to the analysis, opinions and conclusions set forth in the report
as we may deem necessary by consideration of additional or more reliable data
that may become available.
No opinion is rendered as to legal fee or property title, which are assumed to
be good and marketable. Prevailing leases, liens and other encumbrances,
including internal and external environmental conditions and structural
defects, if any, have been disregarded, unless otherwise specifically stated in
the report. Sketches, maps, photographs, or other graphic aids included in
appraisal reports are intended to assist the reader in ready identification and
visualization of the property and are not intended for technical purposes.
It is assumed that: no opinion is intended in matters that require legal,
engineering, or other professional advice which has been or will be obtained
from professional sources; the appraisal report will not be used for guidance
in legal or professional matters exclusive of the appraisal and valuation
discipline; there are no concealed or dubious conditions of the subsoil or
subsurface waters including water table and floodplain, unless otherwise noted;
there are no regulations of any government entity to control or restrict the
use of the property unless specifically referred to in the report; and the
property will not operate in violation of any applicable government
regulations, codes, ordinances or statutes.
In the absence of competent technical advice to the contrary, it is assumed
that the property being appraised is not adversely affected by concealed or
unapparent hazards, such as, but not limited to, asbestos, hazardous or
contaminated substances, toxic waste or radioactivity. The appraiser is not
qualified to detect such substances.
8
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
No engineering survey has been made by the appraiser. Except as specifically
stated, data relative to size and area were taken from sources considered
reliable, and no encroachment of real property improvements is considered to
exist.
Information furnished by others is presumed to be reliable, and where so
specified in the report, has been verified; however, no responsibility, whether
legal or otherwise, is assumed for its accuracy, and cannot be guaranteed as
being certain. All facts and data set forth in the report are true and
accurate to the best of Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.'s knowledge and
belief. No single item of information was completely relied upon to the
exclusion of other information.
It should be specifically noted by any prospective mortgagee that the appraisal
assumes that the property will be competently managed, leased, and maintained
by financially sound owners over the expected period of ownership. This
appraisal engagement does not entail an evaluation of management's or owner's
effectiveness, nor are we responsible for future marketing efforts and other
management or ownership actions upon which actual results will depend.
No effort has been made to determine the impact of possible energy shortages or
the effect on this project of future federal, state or local legislation,
including any environmental or ecological matters or interpretations thereof.
The date of the appraisal to which the value estimate conclusions apply is set
forth in the letter of transmittal and within the body of the report. The
value is based on the purchasing power of the United States dollar as of that
date.
Neither the report nor any portions thereof, especially any conclusions as to
value, the identity of the appraiser, or Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.,
shall be disseminated to the public through public relations media, news media,
sales media or any other public means of communications without the prior
written consent and approval of Valuation Counselors Group, Inc.
Unless otherwise noted, Valuation Counselors Group, Inc. assumes that there
will be no changes in tax regulations.
No significant change is assumed in the supply and demand patterns indicated in
the report. The appraisal assumes market conditions observed as of the current
date of our market research stated in the letter of transmittal. These market
conditions are believed to be correct; however, the appraisers assume no
liability should market conditions materially change because of unusual or
unforeseen circumstances.
9
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS
The report and the final estimate of value and the prospective financial
analyses included therein are intended solely for the information of the person
or persons to whom they are addressed, solely for the purposes stated and
should not be relied upon for any other purpose. Any allocation of total price
between land and the improvements as shown is invalidated if used separately or
in conjunction with any other report.
A copy of this report and the working papers from which it was prepared will be
kept in our files for eight years.
10
SUMMARY OF SALIENT FACTS AND CONCLUSIONS
GENERAL DATA
Effective Date of Value: January 1, 1994
Last Date of Inspection: November 27, 1994
Property Identification: GOODYEAR CLINIC, 851 Goodyear Avenue, Gadsden, Alabama
HAMITER BUILDING, 100 Medical Center Drive, Gadsden, Alabama
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II, 300 Medical Center Drive, Gadsden, Alabama
Interest Appraised: Leased Fee Estate
Building Area: Goodyear Clinic: 13,998 Gross SF/13,998 Leasable SF
Hamiter Building: 51,000 Gross SF/38,154 Leasable SF
Baptist Medical Building II: 62,500 Gross SF/50,589 Leasable SF
Subject Land Size: Goodyear Clinic: 1.19 acres/51,836 SF
Hamiter Building: 1.30 acres/56,628 SF
Baptist Medical Building II: 0.65 acres/28,314 SF
Improvements
Description: GOODYEAR CLINIC: A one-story, Class C, structure constructed in 1977.
HAMITER BUILDING: A four-story, Class B, structure constructed in 1979.
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II: A five-story, Class B, structure constructed in 1993.
Significant Assumption: All parking easements will be granted to allow for full utilization.
CONCLUSIONS
Cost Approach: $13,650,000
Sales Comparison Approach: $12,750,000
Income Approach: $12,600,000
Final Value Estimate: $12,600,000
===========
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Transmittal Letter
Appraiser Certifications
Statement of Facts and Limiting Conditions
Summary of Salient Facts and Conclusions
INTRODUCTION 1
Property Identification 1
Purpose and Effective Date of the Appraisal 1
Function of the Appraisal 1
Scope of the Appraisal 1
Property Rights Appraised 2
Definition of Value 2
History of the Property 3
History and Nature of the Business Environment 3
DESCRIPTIVE DATA 6
Regional Data 6
Neighborhood Data 9
Real Estate Taxes and Assessments 9
Zoning 10
Site Analysis 10
Buildings and Site Improvements 13
HIGHEST AND BEST USE 16
VALUATION SECTION 19
Valuation Methodology 19
Cost Approach 20
Sales Comparison Approach 34
Income Approach 41
CORRELATION AND CONCLUSION 43
12
TABLE OF CONTENTS
-----------------
EXHIBIT SECTION
- ---------------
Exhibit A - Professional Qualifications
Exhibit B - Legal Description
Exhibit C - Area Map
Exhibit D - Neighborhood Map
Exhibit E - Comparable Land Sale Location Map
Exhibit F - Tax Map
Exhibit G - Building Descriptions
Exhibit H - Rent Comparables Summary
Exhibit I - Subject Photographs
13
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTY IDENTIFICATION
The subject of this appraisal is three professional office buildings located in
Gadsden, Alabama. The Goodyear Clinic, located at 851 Goodyear Avenue, is a
one-story, 13,988 square foot building constructed in 1977 with a leasable area
of 13,998 square feet. This building is currently 100 percent occupied. The
Hamiter Building, located at 100 Medical Center Drive, is a four-story, 51,000
square foot building constructed in 1979 with a leasable area of 38,154 square
feet. This building is currently 100 percent occupied. The Baptist Medical
Building II, located at 300 Medical Center Drive is a five-story, 62,500 square
foot building constructed in 1993 with a leasable area of 50,589 square feet.
This building is currently 43.3 percent occupied.
PURPOSE AND EFFECTIVE DATE OF THE APPRAISAL
The purpose of this appraisal is to estimate the market value of the real
property identified above. The effective date of valuation is January 1, 1994.
FUNCTION OF THE APPRAISAL
The report is to be used for internal financial valuation purposes. The owner,
Quorum Health Group, Inc. is considering the sale of four professional office
buildings to Crescent Capital Trust, Inc. The subject properties would be
included in that sale.
SCOPE OF THE APPRAISAL
This appraisal engagement includes all three of the standard valuation
approaches and is in conformity with the requirements of the Code of
Professional Ethics and Standards of Professional Practice of the Appraisal
Institute and Society of Real Estate Appraisers. The scope of our assignment
included collecting, verifying and analyzing market and property data
applicable to the three approaches and consistent with the property's highest
and best use. The results of the three approaches are then reconciled into a
final value conclusion considering the relevancy and quality of data presented
in each of the approaches.
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14
PROPERTY RIGHTS APPRAISED
The property right appraised herein is the Leased Fee Estate.
"Leased Fee Estate" is:
"an ownership held by the landlord with the right of use and occupancy
conveyed by lease to others; the rights of lessor (the leased fee
owner) and leased fee are specified by contract terms contained within
the lease."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, p. 123, 10th Ed., published by The
Appraisal Institute.]
DEFINITION OF VALUE
For the purpose of this valuation, "market value" is defined as follows:
"The most probable price which a property should bring in a
competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair
sale, the buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably,
and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in
this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date
and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions
whereby:
o Buyer and seller are typically motivated;
o Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in
what they consider their own best interests;
o A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market;
o Payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms
of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and
o The price represents the normal consideration for the property
sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales
concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale."
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, p. 21, 10th Ed., published by The
Appraisal Institute.]
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15
HISTORY OF THE PROPERTY
The subject professional buildings were all constructed by and on the Baptist
Hospital campus. Quorum Health Group, Inc. acquired these buildings on
December 31, 1993 in conjunction with their acquisition of the hospital. An
individual allocation to these buildings was not conducted.
It is our understanding, as confirmed with Crescent Capital Trust, these three
buildings will be acquired by the REIT at an agreed upon purchase price of
$11,800,000.
HISTORY AND NATURE OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
United States Economic Performance and Outlook
The value of the business enterprise is influenced by potential returns
available from alternative investments. These return expectations are affected
by economic conditions as they impact the ability of a business enterprise to
generate a return on its invested capital. Perhaps the most important economic
indicator affecting potential investor returns is the aggregate demand for
goods and services. Aggregate demand is measured by a country's Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), which is the sum of all domestic expenditures for consumption,
government services, and net exports.
The United States economy has been in a period of slow economic growth, but the
rate of growth appears to have increased in recent months. Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) increased at a 2.1 percent annual rate during 1992 after
declining (1.2%) during 1991. The GDP was 0.7 percent and 1.6 percent,
respectively, for the first and second quarters of 1993, and an estimated 4.0
percent for the fourth quarter of 1993.
The components of GDP indicate that the economic recovery is affecting many
sectors of the economy. Personal consumption expenditures, which account for
approximately two-thirds of GDP, rose only 1.3 percent during the first half of
1993. Non-Residential Fixed Investment advanced 2.2 percent and Residential
Fixed Investment grew 1.7 percent. Federal Government Purchases declined
(0.6%) over the same period. Federal Government Purchases account for 7.2
percent of the total GDP, and this decline is limited to the rate of overall
GDP growth.
-3-
16
The value of the business enterprise is also affected by the current and
expected levels of inflation and interest rates. Inflation creates uncertainty
in the mind of investors as they attempt to estimate future investment returns.
This uncertainty is incorporated into both the required return on equity and
debt capital. The Federal Reserve has warned, however, that interest rates
will be pushed higher if inflation begins to show signs of "heating up".
The economic downturn in the early 1990s resulted in sharply lower inflation.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) ended 1992 with a 3.0 percent increase compared
to a 4.2 percent increase during 1991. The CPI for 1993 is currently estimated
at 3.3 percent. The GDP Deflator, a much broader price level index, ended 1992
with a 2.6 percent annual increase compared to a 4.0 percent increase during
1991. The GDP Deflator is currently estimated at 2.5 percent for 1993.
The Federal Reserve Bank has adopted a relatively easier monetary policy as a
result of the recession. Interest rates, as represented by long-term Treasury
bond yields, declined approximately ten basis points compared to rates existing
a year earlier. Long-term corporate bond rates have also decreased and the
Federal Reserve's discount rate reductions have prompted commercial banks to
lower their prime lending rate to 6.0 percent. Selected monetary statistics
are presented in the following table.
INTEREST RATES AND SELECTED STATISTICS
JANUARY 6, 1994 JANUARY 2, 1992
Federal Fund Rate 3.0% 3.9%
90-Day Treasury Bill Rate 3.1% 3.9%
30-Year Treasury Bond 6.4% 7.5%
Aaa Bond Yield 6.9% 8.2%
Prime Rate 6.0% 6.5%
Economic Outlook
According to Value Line's Quarterly Economic Review, dated December 24, 1993,
the economic recovery is now 2.5 years old, but shows much slower growth than
normal for a mature recovery. Among factors cited by Value Line for
contributing to the recent
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17
slow growth are "high debt, stagnant personal income, low consumer confidence
and a troubling unemployment rate". Recent improvements have focussed on the
auto, machinery, steel, housing and specialty retailer market segments. Value
Line cautions, however, that the recent improvements in the economy are being
limited by a slow job growth base. Value Line's Quarterly Economic Review
identified the following estimates for selected economic statistics from 1993
to 1995.
1993 1994 1995
Real GDP 2.6% 3.3% 3.3%
Personal Consumption Expenditures 3.0% 2.7% 2.3%
Federal Government Purchases (4.8%) (5.8%) (4.0%)
30-Year Treasury Bond Yields 6.6% 6.6% 6.8%
Prime Rate 6.0% 6.2% 6.4%
Consumer Price Index 3.1% 3.2% 3.3%
In summary, these factors play an important part in determining the supply and
demand for real property, and, indirectly, the value of properties. Most of
the forces discussed above are indicating an on-going soft demand for many
types of commercial real estate. This soft demand has caused some property
values to remain flat and some to decline. The lower interest rates in recent
periods, however, are serving to stabilize commercial property values.
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DESCRIPTIVE DATA
REGIONAL DATA
GADSDEN/ETOWAH COUNTY
Etowah County, Alabama lies in the lower region of the Appalachians,
incorporating the southern terminus of Lookout Mountain. Gadsden, the county
seat, was developed along the Coosa River which flows through the heart of
Etowah and surrounding communities. The county was carved out from her sister
counties of Blount, Calhoun, Cherokee, DeKalb, Marshall and St. Clair.
The county's nearest major city is Birmingham which is 55 miles south. The
nearest interstates are Interstate 59 and Interstate 20. Atlanta, Georgia is
located approximately 110 miles to the east, and Memphis, Tennessee is located
approximately 275 miles to the north.
Population
The total population within a 30-mile radius is estimated at 342,000. The
population of Gadsden alone is 42,523, which represents 42.6 percent of the
total county population. Based upon the 1990 Census, the population of the
county was 99,840. The population can be further described by the following
statistics:
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19
POPULATION
GADSDEN, ETOWAH COUNTY, ALABAMA
Population within 30-mile radius 342,000
Gadsden population 42,523
Metro population 71,044
County population 99,840
Male 47.3%
Female 52.7%
White 85.4%
Black 13.8%
Under 18 24.6%
18 to 39 31.3%
40 to 64 28.2%
65 and over 15.9%
Transportation
Air transport into the county of Etowah is provided by the Gadsden Municipal
Airport. The nearest passenger airport is in Birmingham. Ground transport is
provided by Greyhound bus services. There are a number of truck carriers
including Roadway, Yellow Freight, and Consolidated Freightways. Rail services
are provided by CSX and Norfolk Southern.
Healthcare
Baptist Memorial Hospital, with 1,233 employees (346 beds), is the county's
fourth largest employer. Riverview Regional Medical Center, with 570 employees
(281 beds), is the fourth largest property taxpayer in the county. Both
facilities are owned by publicly-held companies.
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Gadsden/Etowah County also supports Mountain View, which is devoted to
addictive, behavioral, and emotional problems. It has 120 employees and 68
beds. This community is also home to more than 160 physicians and surgeons and
60 doctors of dentistry. Gadsden is recognized as the hub for the surrounding
counties, because of the unusually large number of physicians in the area.
This is partly due to its location because Alabama's University Hospital in
Birmingham has become national and internationally famous. The University of
Alabama Hospital is approximately 60 miles from downtown Gadsden.
Area Industries
The largest employer in Etowah County is the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company,
which manufactures tires. It is estimated that Goodyear employs approximately
2,300 persons. The following chart identifies the top ten employers in the
area.
AREA INDUSTRIES
NUMBER OF
TEN LARGEST INDUSTRIES PRODUCT EMPLOYEES
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Tires 2,300
Gulf States Steel, Inc. Coils and Plates 1,950
Mid-South Industries Appliances/Machining 1,340
Tyson Foods Poultry Processing 1,300
Equity Group of Alabama Processed Poultry 350
Liberty Trousers Trouser Sewing 193
Center Star Manufacturing T-Shirt Sewing 193
South Central Bell Telephone Service 189
Dixie Pacific Manufacturing Wooden Columns 174
AAA Plumbing Pottery Plumbing Fixtures 165
Overall, the community is a growing and viable area with a growing population.
The location of major industries in the area have contributed positively to the
area and should continue to do so in the future.
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NEIGHBORHOOD DATA
The subject properties are located on the Baptist Hospital medical campus which
is located in the eastern portion of Gadsden on the south side of Goodyear
Avenue. The campus is located adjacent (north) to the Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Company and east of Alabama Power Company. Located to the south of the subject
property are single-family dwellings.
Access to the subject site is provided by Meighan Boulevard (State Road 431/1)
which is a major north-south thoroughfare in Gadsden. Meighan Boulevard is
located southwest of the subject property.
The single-family dwellings located south of the subject site are older homes
approximately 15 to 30 years of age. The average price of a three-bedroom,
2,000 square foot home is $65,000. Overall, the community has developed in
relationship to the existing employers in the area; the hospital, the Goodyear
plant, and the power company.
The subject property's neighborhood is located in the zip codes 35901, 35903
and 35904. The estimated population in these areas has decreased approximately
6.8 percent from the 1980 Census data. As of 1993, the population has remained
relatively stable. Based upon 1993 data, median household income is estimated
to be $23,077. The median age is 37.5.
REAL ESTATE TAXES AND ASSESSMENTS
The subject property is located in Etowah County and within the city limit of
Gadsden. Because the subject property is currently owned by a not-for-profit
entity they are not taxed or assessed by the county. The parcel numbers are
presented below:
The Goodyear Clinic 31-15-01-11-0-001-002.050
The Hamiter Building 31-15-01-11-0-001-002.060
Baptist Medical Building II 31-15-01-12-0-001-064
31-15-01-12-0-001-065
If the property was acquired by a for profit entity, the county would be
required to assess and tax the parcels. The millage rate for the 1993 tax year
was $4.90 per $100.
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ZONING
The subject parcels are zoned "O-I" by the Gadsden Planning Department. This
zoning district is designed to provide suitable sites for the development of
office, retail and service uses of a convenience nature which satisfy the
essential and frequent needs of adjacent residential neighborhoods in areas
consistent with the city's comprehensive plan.
Permitted uses includes banks and financial institutions, medical offices,
institutions such as schools and churches and retail and service
establishments. The subject properties are considered legal conforming uses
and in accordance with the current zoning ordinance.
A letter of zoning compliance from the Etowah County is recommended for an
official determination regarding any zoning conformity in regards to parking
requirements.
SITE ANALYSIS
THE GOODYEAR CLINIC, 851 GOODYEAR AVENUE
The Goodyear Clinic parcel is irregularly-shaped and fronts Goodyear Avenue on
the south side. The entire parcel contains a total of 1.19 acres or 51,836
square feet. A legal description is included in the Exhibit section of this
report. A master survey was prepared for the acquisition of the entire Baptist
Hospital campus, inclusive of the subject site. The parcel size has been
determined by the dimensions on a tax plat map and public record. We reserve
the right to modify our report if the actual acreage is found to vary
significantly from the tax plat acreage.
The topography of the site slopes slightly upward from Goodyear Avenue to the
front of the clinic. Located to the south of this building is a mental health
center and the Baptist Hospital. West of the parcel is a softball field and
parking area. Located east of the parcel is a parking area. The site does not
contain any flood plain.
Utilities serving the site include water, sewer, telephone, gas and
electricity. Police services and fire protection are located in the
neighborhood.
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Other site improvements consist of general landscaping, asphalt paving,
concrete paving and curbing, some shrubs and general signage. The parking lot
for the subject parcel appears to be adequate.
We are not aware of any detrimental easements or encroachments encumbering the
site. Further, we assume that the subject site is not encumbered with
detrimental easements or encroachments. A copy of a Etowah tax plat map is
included in the Exhibit section.
To our knowledge, no environmental study has been conducted on the
subject site. As appraisers, we are not qualified to detect hazardous
materials. Consequently, our report assumes that there are no environmentally
hazardous materials in the site or building that would adversely affect the
subject property's value.
THE HAMITER BUILDING, 100 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
The Hamiter Building parcel is irregularly-shaped and fronts Old Goodyear
Avenue on the east side and Medical Center Drive along its southern borders.
The entire parcel contains a total of 1.30 acres or 56,628 square feet. A
legal description is included in the Exhibit section of this report. A master
survey was prepared for the acquisition of the entire Baptist Hospital campus,
inclusive of the subject site. The parcel size has been determined by the
dimensions on a tax plat map and public record. We reserve the right to modify
our report if the actual acreage is found to vary significantly from the tax
plat acreage.
The topography of the site slopes slightly upward from Old Goodyear Avenue to
the front of the building. Located east of the building is a parking lot and
Medical Center Drive. Located west of the building is the Baptist Hospital and
to the south the Baptist Medical Building II and the Cancer Center. Immediate
north of the parcel is Old Goodyear Avenue and single-family dwellings. The
subject does not contain any flood plain.
Utilities serving the site include water, sewer, telephone, gas and
electricity. Police services and fire protection are located in the
neighborhood.
-11-
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Other site improvements consist of general landscaping, exterior lighting,
asphalt paving, concrete paving and curbing, some shrubs and general signage.
The parking lot for the subject appears to be adequate.
We are not aware of any detrimental easements or encroachments encumbering the
site. Further, we assume that the subject site is not encumbered with
detrimental easements or encroachments. A copy of a Etowah tax plat map is
included in the Exhibit section.
To our knowledge, no environmental study has been conducted on the
subject site. As appraisers, we are not qualified to detect hazardous
materials. Consequently, our report assumes that there are no environmentally
hazardous materials in the site or building that would adversely affect the
subject property's value.
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II, 300 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
The Baptist Medical Building II parcel is rectangular-shaped and fronts Medical
Center Drive on the west side. It is located just south of Old Goodyear
Avenue. The entire parcel contains a total of 0.65 acres or 28,314 square
feet. A separate legal description for the subject parcel was not made
available to us. We have included a legal description, which encompasses the
entire Baptist Hospital campus in the Exhibit section of this report. This
description is inclusive of the subject parcel. A master survey was prepared
for the acquisition of the entire Baptist Hospital campus, inclusive of the
subject site. The parcel size has been determined by the dimensions on a tax
plat map and public record. We reserve the right to modify our report if the
actual acreage is found to vary significantly from the tax plat acreage.
The topography of the site is level throughout. Located east of the building
is Medical Center Drive, a ravine, and medical office buildings. Located
further east are single-family dwellings. Located west of the parcel is
Baptist Hospital. North of the parcel is Old Goodyear Avenue and single-family
dwellings. South of the subject parcel is the parking area for the hospital
and single-family dwellings. The subject site is level throughout and does
not contain any flood plain.
Utilities serving the site include water, sewer, telephone, gas and
electricity. Police services and fire protection are located in the
neighborhood.
-12-
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Other site improvements consist of general landscaping, exterior lighting,
asphalt paving, concrete paving and curbing, some shrubs and general signage.
The subject parcel does not provide parking, but an arrangement has been made
with the hospital for parking for approximately 175 vehicles.
We are not aware of any detrimental easements or encroachments encumbering the
site. Further, we assume that the subject site is not encumbered with
detrimental easements or encroachments. A copy of a Etowah tax plat map is
included in the Exhibit section.
To our knowledge, no environmental study has been conducted on the
subject site. As appraisers, we are not qualified to detect hazardous
materials. Consequently, our report assumes that there are no environmentally
hazardous materials in the site or building that would adversely affect the
subject property's value.
BUILDINGS AND SITE IMPROVEMENTS
THE GOODYEAR CLINIC, 851 GOODYEAR AVENUE
The Goodyear Clinic is located at 851 Goodyear Avenue. It is a one-story
building constructed in 1977 containing 13,998 gross square feet with a
leasable area of 13,998 square feet.
The building is a one-story structure with wood framing supported on attic
beams with lightweight concrete cover and a brick veneer exterior. The
building has a flat metal deck. Ceiling finishes consist of acoustical ceiling
tiles and recessed fluorescent lighting. The interior walls are gypsum board
on metal framing. Most of the hallways and office areas have vinyl tile and
carpet and pad. Windows and doors are metal-framed, and interior doors are
solid-core wood.
Heating and air conditioning is supplied via Trane package units located
adjacent to the subject. Heat is supplied by a RayPak boiler. One 38-gallon
water heater is part of the plumbing system. The building is 100 percent
sprinklered.
More detail descriptions of the building and site improvements are included in
the Exhibit section of this report.
-13-
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CONDITION OF IMPROVEMENTS AND OBSOLESCENCE
The building is in good overall condition. It appears to have been adequately
maintained. No significant deferred maintenance was indicated from the
appraiser's inspection of the property. There does not appear to be any
functional or economic obsolescence.
THE HAMITER BUILDING, 100 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
The Hamiter Building is located at 100 Medical Center Drive. It is a
four-story building constructed in 1979 containing 51,000 gross square feet
with a leasable area of 38,154 square feet.
The building is a four-story structure with reinforced concrete post and beam
frame and stucco over fiberglass exterior panels. The building has a flat,
concrete deck roof structure, with a waterproof membrane and large-stone gravel
covering. Ceiling finishes consist of acoustical ceiling tiles and recessed
fluorescent lighting. The interior walls are gypsum board on metal framing.
Most of the hallways and office areas have vinyl tile and carpet and pad.
Windows and doors are metal-framed, and interior doors are solid-core wood.
Air conditioning is supplied via a centrifugal chiller system with perimeter
heat along windows provided by steam condensers with steam provided by the
hospital central plant. Additional air handlers are located on the roof of the
building. One 125-gallon water heater is part of the plumbing system. The
electrical system is comprised of a 1500 amp system consisting of ample
outlets, and incandescent and fluorescent light fixtures. There are a total of
two elevators; one four-stop and one five-stop to the penthouse area.
More detail descriptions of the building and site improvements are included in
the Exhibit Section of this report.
CONDITION OF IMPROVEMENTS AND OBSOLESCENCE
The building is in good overall condition. It appears to have been adequately
maintained. No significant deferred maintenance was indicated from the
appraiser's
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inspection of the property. There does not appear to be any functional or
economic obsolescence.
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II, 300 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE
The Baptist Medical Building II is located at 300 Medical Center Drive. It is
a five-story building constructed in 1993, containing 62,500 gross square feet
with a leasable area of 50,589 square feet.
The building is a five-story structure with reinforced concrete post and beam
frame and a brick veneer exterior. The building has a flat concrete deck roof
structure with a waterproofed tar and gravel covering. Ceiling finishes
consist of acoustical ceiling tiles and recessed fluorescent lighting. The
interior walls are high quality finishes including gypsum board on metal
framing. The hallways and offices contain high quality vinyl tile and carpet
and pad. Windows and doors are metal-framed, and interior doors are solid-core
wood. At the time of our site inspection the first floor was approximately 100
percent complete, the second floor was approximately 50 percent complete, the
third floor was a shell, the fourth floor was approximately 50 percent
complete, and the fifth floor was completely built-out. Our valuation does
consider the structure as complete and ready for occupancy.
Heating and air conditioning is supplied via a hot and cold water system
comprised of a York chiller, a cooling tower located on the Baptist Hospital
campus and a Lochinvar boiler. The electrical system is comprised of an 800
amp system consisting of ample outlets and incandescent and fluorescent light
fixtures. There are a total of two elevators. The building is 100 percent
sprinklered.
More detail descriptions of the building and site improvements are included in
the Exhibit Section of this report.
CONDITION OF IMPROVEMENTS AND OBSOLESCENCE
The building is in excellent overall condition. It appears to have been
adequately maintained. No significant deferred maintenance was indicated from
the appraiser's inspection of the property. There does not appear to be any
functional or economic obsolescence.
-15-
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HIGHEST AND BEST USE
The Appraisal Institute defines "highest and best use" as follows:
"The reasonably probable and legal use of vacant land or an improved
property, which is physically possible, appropriately supported,
financially feasible, and that results in the highest value"
[The Appraisal of Real Estate, p. 45, 10th Ed. published by The
Appraisal Institute.]
The four categories of highest and best use analysis are:
1. Physically Possible - Uses which are physically possible for
the site and improvements being analyzed.
2. Legally Permissible - Uses permitted by zoning and deed
restrictions applicable to the site and improvements being
analyzed.
3. Financially Feasible - This step identifies if the physically
possible and legally permitted alternatives produce a net
income equal to or greater than the amount needed to satisfy
operating expenses.
4. Maximally Productive - This step clarifies which of the
financially feasible alternatives provides the highest value
consistent with the rate of return warranted by the market for
a particular use.
There are two types of highest and best use: THE HIGHEST AND BEST USE OF LAND
AS VACANT and THE HIGHEST AND BEST USE OF A PROPERTY AS IMPROVED. Both types
are discussed as follows using the four categories of highest and best use.
As Vacant
The purpose of this analysis, given the site is vacant or can easily be made
vacant, is to determine if something should be constructed on the site, and, if
so, what should be constructed on the site.
-16-
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PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE
The size and shape of the subject site is adequate for the development of a
number of alternative uses including small residential, commercial,
office/institutional, industrial and special-purpose properties. The site
possesses good access and visibility. The size of the parcel would preclude
any large developments.
LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE
As stated earlier in the Zoning section of this report, the property is
currently zoned "O-I", Office-Institutional. Permitted uses in this general
zoning category vary widely. Potential legal uses would include some retail,
restaurants, office/institutional, hotels, hospitals and other medical-oriented
uses.
Surrounding uses include the hospital, other professional office uses, some
apartments and some older single-family residential properties. These use
patterns would likely preclude industrial, retail or future single-family
development on the site.
FINANCIALLY FEASIBLE
Having established that the site is physically suited for and legally
restricted to office/institutional development, the next consideration is
economic feasibility. Financially feasible uses for the site, if vacant, are
those uses that would generate an economic return to the land. New
medical-related development on the south side of the building indicates that
new development is financially feasible. Local physicians have opened a
diagnostic medical office along Goodyear Avenue.
MAXIMALLY PRODUCTIVE
The maximally productive use is a financially feasible use that would produce
the greatest land value. Office/institutional use is physically possible and
legally permissible, and new development is financially feasible. Based on
this analysis, the current highest and best use of the land, if vacant, would
be for office/institutional development.
-17-
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As Improved
The subject site is currently improved with a rentable square footage office
building, with an adjacent parking deck and associated site improvements. The
purpose of this discussion is to determine whether to leave the improvements as
they are, to modify the improvements or to remove the improvements.
PHYSICALLY POSSIBLE
It would obviously be physically possible to leave the improvements as they
are, to demolish the existing improvements and replace them with new
improvements, or to make minor repairs to the deferred maintenance items on the
property. The improvements are considered functional.
LEGALLY PERMISSIBLE
The improvements, as improved, are a legal conforming use according to the City
of Gadsden zoning guidelines. Under the zoning, the property could remain as
it is, be torn down or renovated.
FINANCIALLY FEASIBLE
The highest and best use of the land, if vacant, was to develop with an
office/institutional use based on the adjacent hospital's growth needs. Of the
physically possible and legally permissible changes that could be made to the
existing facility, demolishing the building would significantly reduce the
current asset value, and would not be financially feasible. It would, however,
be financially feasible to correct any deferred maintenance.
MAXIMALLY PRODUCTIVE
The maximally productive use for the existing property is the financially
feasible use that produces the greatest property value. The highest and best
use, as improved, is to not make any major changes to the current asset use.
The improvements represent the current highest and best use of the property.
-18-
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VALUATION SECTION
VALUATION METHODOLOGY
There are three principal methods to estimate the market value of the assets of
the subject property. These are summarized as follows:
COST APPROACH: This method is based on the principle of substitution,
whereby no investor would prudently pay more for a property than it
costs to buy land and build a comparable new building. The market
value is estimated by calculating the replacement costs of a new
building and subtracting all forms of depreciation and obsolescence
present in the existing facility. This provides a depreciated value
of the subject improvements if replaced new. The estimate of the
current value of the subject land is then added to provide a market
value of the property.
SALES COMPARISON APPROACH: The principle of substitution also says
that market value can be estimated as the cost of acquiring an equally
desirable substitute property, assuming no costly delay in making the
substitution. This method analyses the sales of other comparable
improved properties. Since two properties are rarely identical, the
necessary adjustments for differences in quality, location, size,
services and market appeal are a function of appraisal experience and
judgment.
INCOME APPROACH: This method is based on the principle of
anticipation, which recognizes that underlying value of the subject
property can be estimated by its cash flow or stream of earnings.
This approach simulates the future earnings for the property, and
converts those earnings into a present market value estimate.
Consideration has been given to each of the three methods to arrive at a final
opinion of value. The application of each approach to value is further
discussed in the appropriate sections which follow.
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COST APPROACH
In the Cost Approach, the subject property is valued based upon the market
value of the land, as if vacant, to which is added the depreciated replacement
cost of the improvements. The replacement cost new of the improvements is
adjusted for accrued depreciation resulting from physical deterioration,
functional obsolescence, and external (or economic) obsolescence.
The cost analysis involves three basic steps:
o Land value estimate.
o Estimated replacement cost of the improvements.
o Estimation of the accrued depreciation from all causes.
The sum of the market value of the land and the depreciated replacement cost of
the improvements and equipment is the estimated market value via the Cost
Approach.
Land Valuation
Land valuation, assuming the site is vacant, is based upon the following steps:
o A comparison with recent sales and/or asking prices for
similar land.
o Interviews with reliable real estate brokers and other
informed sources who are familiar with local real estate
activity.
o Our experience in estimating land values.
The following sales are located within the general market area of the subject
property and are considered to be representative of market activity and
conditions as of the valuation date. Unless otherwise indicated, the sales
involved arm's length transactions that conveyed a fee simple interest, and
only real property was included in the transactions.
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Land Comparable Number 1
Parcel Number: 31-15-05-22-14
Location: East side of Rainbow Drive, west of the river
Size: 56,192 square feet
Sale Date: January 12, 1993
Deed Book/Page: 1821/301
Grantor: Keeling and Loveman
Grantee: Applebee's of North Alabama, Inc.
Sale Price: $200,000
Price Per Square Foot: $3.56
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Irregular
Zoning: Commercial
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was later improved with an Applebee's restaurant. This location is along a
major roadway (Rainbow Drive), and in close proximity to a hotel and large shopping
center.
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Land Comparable Number 2
Parcel Number: 31-15-02-04-03-304-20
Location: East of Eighth Street, south side of Forrest Avenue
Size: 10,400 square feet
Sale Date: January 13, 1992
Deed Book/Page: 1772/101
Grantor: Mary E. Barlow Kidd, et al
Grantee: Thomas and Diane Davis
Sale Price: $15,000
Price Per Square Foot: $1.44
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was purchased for an office building, which is presently under construction.
It is located in proximity to the government center of Gadsden.
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Land Comparable Number 3
Parcel Number: 31-21-02-09-16
Location: Southwest side of Pilgrim's Rest Road (State Road 1073)
Size: 39,600 square feet
Sale Date: September 30, 1991
Deed Book/Page: 1752/265
Grantor: Jason B. Newton
Grantee: Big B Food Systems, Ltd., an Alabama Partnership
Sale Price: $60,000
Price Per Square Foot: $1.52
Terms of Sale: All Cash
Shape: Rectangular
Zoning: Commercial
Utilities: All utilities are available.
Comments: This parcel was an out-parcel to an existing shopping center. It will be improved
with a Big B Drugstore. The parcel does not have road frontage, although visual to the
roadway.
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A summary of the land sales is shown as follows:
SUMMARY OF LAND COMPARABLES
LAND SALE SIZE PRICE
OMPARABLE LOCATION DATE (SF) PER SF
1 East side Rainbow Drive 1/93 56,192 $3.56
2 South side of Forrest Avenue 1/92 10,400 $1.44
3 Southwest side of Pilgrim's Rest Road 9/91 39,600 $1.52
(SR1073)
SUBJECT 851 GOODYEAR AVENUE 51,836
100 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE 56,628
300 MEDICAL CENTER DRIVE 28,314
Discussion of Land Comparables
LAND COMPARABLE 1 is a parcel located on Rainbow Drive, later developed as a
restaurant. Downward adjustments were indicated because of the level
topography of this sale. An additional downward adjustment has been made for
its location because of the sale's proximity to the river and its location
along a major commercial road. The adjustments are shown on a Land Sale
Adjustment Grid at the end of this discussion. The adjusted price per square
foot of this comparable is $1.42 per square foot.
LAND COMPARABLE 2 was a significantly smaller parcel located in downtown
Gadsden, later improved with an office. A slight downward adjustment has been
made for its favorable location. An additional downward adjustment was made for
size, since smaller tracts tend to sell for higher unit prices than larger
tracts. The parcel has similar topography as the subject parcels negating an
adjustment. The adjusted price per square foot of this comparable is $1.32.
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LAND COMPARABLE 3 was a 39,600 square foot parcel located on Pilgrim Rest Road
which is west of the subject parcels. The parcel was later improved with a
drugstore. An upward adjustment has been to this sale, because of its lack of
road frontage. A downward adjustment has been made for its level topography as
compared to the subject parcels. The adjusted price for this comparable is
$1.55 per square foot.
The adjusted land prices ranged from $1.32 per square foot to $1.55 per square
foot, with the prices of the most comparable sites being in the middle of this
range. Based on our analysis of the subject versus these comparables, it is
our opinion that a land price of $1.45 per square is representative of the
subject sites. The subject land value is estimated as follows:
The Goodyear Clinic 51,836 SF x $1.45/SF = $ 75,162
The Hamiter Building 56,628 SF x $1.45/SF = $ 82,111
Baptist Medical Building II 28,314 SF x $1.45/SF = $ 41,055
-------
Total $198,328
Rounded to: $198,000
========
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L A N D S A L E A D J U S T M E N T G R I D
Goodyear Clinic
Hamiter Building
Baptist Medical Building II
Gadsden, Alabama
Subject Land Comp Land Comp Land Comp
Element #1 #2 #3
Sale Price/SF $3.56 $1.44 $1.52
Property Rights Fee Simple Same Same Same
Adjustment
--------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $3.56 $1.44 $1.52
Financing Cash Cash Cash Cash
Adjustment
--------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $3.56 $1.44 $1.52
Conditions of Sale None None None
Adjustment
--------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $3.56 $1.44 $1.52
Market/Time
Adjustment 0% 2% 2%
--------------------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $3.56 $1.47 $1.55
Other Adjustments:
Location Adjustment -50% -5% 10%
Topography Adjustment -10% 0% -10%
Size Adjustment 0% -5% 0%
Zoning Adjustment 0% 0% 0%
Net Other Adjustments -60% -10% 0%
FINAL ADJUSTED PRICE PER SF $1.42 $1.32 $1.55
============================================
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Building and Site Improvements
The building and site improvements have been valued on the basis of replacement
cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost new was estimated via the
segregated cost method, with cost factors obtained from Marshall Valuation
Services, Inc., a national cost manual. The unit cost includes both direct and
indirect costs, with adjustments made for special building features,
construction quality, time and location. The composite unit cost has then been
applied to the gross square footage of the building to derive the replacement
cost new. An amount representing entrepreneurial profit has also been included
in this analysis. This profit is a necessary element in the motivation to
construct the improvements and represents an additional amount the develop
would expect to receive for construction of the project. The amount of
entrepreneurial profit varies according to economic conditions and types of
developments. For the purpose of this report, entrepreneurial profit was
estimated to comprise ten percent of the direct and indirect building costs.
The total accumulated depreciation of a structure represents the loss in value
due to physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, or external (or
economic) obsolescence. Economic life of a structure or improvement is the
period over which they contribute to the value of the property. These terms
are defined as follows:
Physical Deterioration: The loss in value due to deterioration or
ordinary wear and tear, i.e., natural forces taking their toll of the
improvements. This begins at the time the building is completed and
continues throughout its physical life.
Functional Obsolescence: The loss in value due to poor plan,
functional inadequacy, or super-adequacy due to size, style, design, or
other items. This form of depreciation occurs in both curable or
incurable forms.
External (or Economic) Obsolescence: The loss in value caused by
forces outside the property itself. It can take many forms such as
excessive noise levels, traffic congestion, abnormally high crime
rates, or any other factors which affect a property's ability to
produce an economic income, thereby causing a decline in desirability.
Other forms of economic obsolescence may include governmental
restrictions, excessive taxes, or economic trends.
Economic Life: The economic life of good quality medical office
buildings is typically 40 to 50 years. For the Goodyear Clinic and the
Hamiter Building, we have estimated an economic life of 45 years. The
Baptist Medical Building II has an economic life of 50 years.
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Remaining Economic Life: Remaining economic life can be defined as the
number of years remaining in the economic life of the structure or
structural components as of the date of the appraisal.
Marshall Valuation Services, Inc., and the actual experience of other buildings
in the market, were use to estimate the overall economic life of the
improvements. The assignment of economic lives assumed that, except for the
building shell and foundation, building components would be replaced
periodically over the life of the building.
Physical Depreciation
The amount of physical depreciation and obsolescence in the subject building is
judged normal for a building of this age. Observation of the subject property
indicated that the structure and related component parts have been adequately
maintained through a continuous maintenance service program.
THE GOODYEAR CLINIC
The Goodyear Clinic was constructed in 1977, and is in average to good
condition. After taking into consideration all significant physical factors
affecting the subject property, it is judged that the subject has an effective
age equal to 16 years. The remaining useful life is estimated to be 29 years.
This translates into a physical depreciation estimate of 36 percent (16 years
divided by 45 years). The amount of depreciation attributable to the property
has been estimated on a straight-line basis, which is founded on the assumption
that depreciation of a property occurs equally throughout its economic life.
The elements which make up site improvements have shorter economic lives than
the building. We have estimated the aggregate useful lives of these items to
be 20 years with an effective age of five years and a remaining useful life of
15 years. Therefore, the depreciation rate attributable to the site
improvements on a straight-line basis is estimated to be approximately 25
percent.
The total depreciation for the building is estimated to be $652,507, and the
depreciated value of the building replacement costs to be $1,160,013.
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41
THE HAMITER BUILDING
The Hamiter Building was constructed in 1979, and it is in average to good
condition. After taking into consideration all significant physical factors
affecting the subject property, it is judged that the subject has an effective
age equal to its actual age of fifteen years. The remaining useful life is
estimated to be 30 years. This translates into a physical depreciation
estimate of 33 percent (15 years divided by 45 years). The amount of
depreciation attributable to the property has been estimated on a straight-line
basis, which is founded on the assumption that depreciation of a property
occurs equally throughout its economic life.
The elements which make up site improvements have shorter economic lives than
the building. We have estimated the aggregate useful lives of these items to
be 20 years with an effective age of five years and a remaining useful life of
15 years. Therefore, the depreciation rate attributable to the site
improvements on a straight-line basis is estimated to be approximately 25
percent.
The total depreciation for the building is estimated to be $1,713,815, and the
depreciated value of the building replacement costs to be $3,479,637.
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II
The Baptist Medical Building II was constructed in 1993, and it is in excellent
condition. After taking into consideration all significant physical factors
affecting the subject property, it is judged that the subject has an effective
age equal to one year. The remaining useful life is estimated to be 49 years.
This translates into a physical depreciation estimate of two percent (1 year
divided by 50 years). The amount of depreciation attributable to the property
has been estimated on a straight-line basis, which is founded on the assumption
that depreciation of a property occurs equally throughout its economic life.
The elements which make up site improvements have shorter economic lives than
the building. We have estimated the aggregate useful lives of these items to
be 20 years with an effective age of one year and a remaining useful life of 19
years. Therefore, the depreciation rate attributable to the site improvements
on a straight-line basis is estimated to be approximately five percent.
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42
The total depreciation for the building is estimated to be $177,646, and the
depreciated value of the building replacement costs to be $8,704,662.
Cost Approach Conclusion
The schedule on the following page is a summary of the estimated replacement
cost by category for the subject building plus estimates of all forms of
depreciation.
Based on the investigation as previously defined, the market value of the
subject property by the Cost Approach, as of January 1, 1994, is:
The Goodyear Clinic $ 1,255,263
The Hamiter Building 3,606,637
Baptist Medical Building II 8,802,662
-----------
Total $13,664,562
Rounded to: $13,650,000
===========
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SUMMARY OF VALUE VIA COST APPROACH
GOODYEAR CLINIC
GADSDEN, ALABAMA
Replacement
Cost
-----------
Site Preparation 3,907
Foundation 35,018
Frame 16,778
Exterior Walls 144,353
Basement Walls 0
Floors 48,993
Roof 137,525
Roof Cover 53,005
Partitioning & Built-In Items 344,815
Ceilings 100,279
Floor Coverings 81,151
Plumbing 112,742
HVAC 202,706
Electrical 141,536
Other Features 17,743
----------
Total Replacement Cost 1,440,551
Architect's Fees Plans and Specs 3.9% 56,181
Architect's Fees, Supervision 3.0% 43,217
Legal, Accounting, Contingency 7.0% 107,796
Entrepreneurial Overhead, Profit, and Other
Miscellaneous Fees 10.0% 164,775
----------
Total of Other Costs 371,969
Total Project Replacement Cost $1,812,520
==========
Accrued Depreciation
Depreciation Factor 36% Straight Line 16/45th (652,507)
----------
Depreciated Value of Building $1,160,013
Site Improvements
Replacement Cost $ 27,000
Depreciated Cost 25% Straight Line 5/20ths (6,750)
----------
Depreciated Value $ 20,250
Plus Land Value (rounded) 1.19 acres $ 75,000
----------
COST APPROACH VALUE FOR ALL ASSETS $1,255,263
==========
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SUMMARY OF VALUE VIA COST APPROACH
HAMITER BUILDING
GADSDEN, ALABAMA
Replacement
Cost
-----------
Site Preparation 3,049
Foundation 100,323
Frame 484,194
Exterior Walls 253,322
Basement Walls 0
Floors 274,231
Roof 107,773
Roof Cover 17,064
Partitioning & Built-In Items 1,100,025
Ceilings 262,781
Floor Coverings 152,047
Plumbing 217,537
HVAC 495,857
Electrical 451,527
Other Features 207,940
----------
Total Replacement Cost 4,127,670
Architect's Fees Plans and Specs 3.9% 160,979
Architect's Fees, Supervision 3.0% 123,830
Legal, Accounting, Contingency 7.0% 308,874
Entrepreneurial Overhead, Profit, and Other
Miscellaneous Fees 10.0% 472,135
----------
Total of Other Costs 1,065,818
Total Project Replacement Cost $5,193,488
==========
Accrued Depreciation
Depreciation Factor 33% Straight Line 15/45th (1,713,851)
----------
Depreciated Value of Building $3,479,637
Site Improvements
Replacement Cost $ 60,000
Depreciated Cost 25% Straight Line 5/20th (15,000)
----------
Depreciated Value $ 45,000
Plus Land Value (rounded) 1.30 acres $ 82,000
----------
COST APPROACH VALUE FOR ALL ASSETS $3,606,637
==========
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45
SUMMARY OF VALUE VIA COST APPROACH
BAPTIST MEDICAL BUILDING II
GADSDEN, ALABAMA
Replacement
Cost
-----------
Site Preparation 3,049
Foundation 157,127
Frame 783,132
Exterior Walls 890,444
Basement Walls 0
Floors 399,111
Roof 109,476
Roof Cover 42,194
Partitioning & Built-In Items 1,391,265
Ceilings 274,554
Floor Coverings 248,542
Plumbing 688,986
HVAC 1,066,425
Electrical 571,072
Other Features 434,085
----------
Total Replacement Cost 7,059,462
Architect's Fees Plans and Specs 3.9% 275,319
Architect's Fees, Supervision 3.0% 211,784
Legal, Accounting, Contingency 7.0% 528,260
Entrepreneurial Overhead, Profit, and Other
Miscellaneous Fees 10.0% 807,483
----------
Total of Other Costs 1,822,846
Total Project Replacement Cost $8,882,308
==========
Accrued Depreciation
Depreciation Factor 2% Straight Line 1/50ths (177,646)
----------
Depreciated Value of Building $8,704,662
Site Improvements
Replacement Cost $ 60,000
Depreciated Cost 5% Straight Line 1/20ths (3,000)
----------
Depreciated Value $ 57,000
Plus Land Value (rounded) .65 acres $ 41,000
----------
COST APPROACH VALUE FOR ALL ASSETS $8,802,662
==========
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46
SALES COMPARISON APPROACH
The Sales Comparison Approach is based upon the principle of substitution; that
is, when a property is replaceable in the market, its value tends to be set at
the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute property, assuming there
is no costly delay in making the substitution. Since two properties are rarely
identical, the necessary adjustments for differences in quality, location,
size, services and market appeal are a function of appraisal experience and
judgment.
The Sales Comparison Approach gives consideration to actual sales of other
similar properties with adjustments as previously stated. The sales prices are
analyzed in common denominators and applied to the subject property in
respective categories to be indicative of market value.
The unit of comparison used in this analysis is the price per square foot,
which is the gross purchase price of the building divided by the net leasable
area in the building. The following sales are considered to be representative
of market activity and conditions as of the valuation date. Unless otherwise
indicated, the sales involved arm's length transactions that conveyed a fee
simple interest, and only real property was included in the transactions.
Also, all purchase prices quoted in this report represent all cash sales unless
seller financing is noted and the sale prices adjusted for cash equivalency.
In our analysis, we obtained details on three professional office building
sales which have occurred over the past two years. The terms of the sale and
significant data was verified to the extent possible by county deed records and
with parties to the transaction. Information on these sales is shown on the
following pages:
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47
IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 1
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: 1770 Independence Court, Homewood, Jefferson County, Alabama
Date of Sale: March 9, 1993
Deed Book/Page: 4223/115
Grantor: Brookwood Medical & Dental Group
Grantee: Proxy Land Development Corporation
Sale Price: $850,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 92,200 square feet
Building Size: 7,808 square feet - gross
6,928 square feet - leasable
Year Built: 1984
Occupancy at Sale: 100%
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income: $100,456 $14.50
Vacancy Allowance @ 5%: $5,023 $ 0.73
-------- ------
Effective Gross Income: $ 95,433 $13.77
Estimated Expenses @ $4.00: $ 27,712 $ 4.00
------- ------
Net Operating Income: $ 67,721 $ 9.77
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Gross Square Foot: $ 108.86
Stabilized Overall Rate: 8.0%
EGIM: 8.91
COMMENTS
The Grantor was an affiliate of HealthSouth Medical Center. The hospital paid
more than market value for the building, so the Grantee/physician would move
his surgical practice to the HealthSouth Medical Center. The location and
building quality for this comparable are inferior to the subject property.
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48
IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 2
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: West side of 20th Street South at the address 908 20th Street South in
Birmingham, Alabama
Date of Sale: December 20, 1991
Deed Book/Page: 4166/170
Grantor: The Byrd Company, Inc.
Grantee: Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama
Sale Price: $3,750,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 82,460 square feet
Building Size: 52,440 square feet - gross
44,574 square feet - leasable
Year Built: 1964
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income: $624,036 $14.00
Vacancy Allowance @ 10%: $ 62,404 $ 1.40
-----
Effective Gross Income: $561,632 $12.60
Estimated Expenses @ $6.00/SF $222,870 $ 5.00
-------- -----
Net Operating Income: $338,762 $ 7.60
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Gross Square Foot: $ 71.51
Stabilized Overall Rate: 9.0%
EGIM: 6.68
COMMENTS
This three-story building was purchased by the UAB Medical Center. A Medical
Genetics Center now occupies the facility. The current land value near the UAB
campus is estimated at 40% to 45% of the total purchase price.
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49
IMPROVED SALE NUMBER 3
GENERAL SALE DATA
Location: 1260 Upper Hembree Road in Roswell, Fulton County, Georgia
Date of Sale: November 20, 1991
Deed Book/Page: 14752/1-8
Grantor: Upper Hembree Associates II, Ltd.
Grantee: Medical Plaza, Inc.
Sale Price: $4,525,000
Terms of Sale: All Cash
PROPERTY DATA
Land Size: 1.65 acres (approximate)
Building Size: 32,500 square feet
Year Built: 1991
Occupancy at Sale: 100%
STABILIZED OPERATING DATA
Dollars Per SF
------- ------
Estimated Gross Income*: $671,125 $20.65
Vacancy Allowance @ 5%: $ 33,556 $ 1.03
------- -----
Effective Gross Income: $637,569 $19.62
Estimated Expenses @ $6.00/SF $178,750 $ 5.50
-------- -----
Net Operating Income: $458,819 $14.12
MARKET VALUE INDICATORS
Sale Price Per Gross Square Foot: $ 139.23
Stabilized Overall Rate: 10.1%
EGIM: 7.10
COMMENTS
This property included three buildings containing 12,400 SF, 12,000 SF and
8,100 SF. The first two buildings were leased to North Fulton Hospital for
seven years. The first 12,400 SF was leased for $16.00/SF net, and the other
12,000 SF was leased for $16.25/SF net. The tenants were responsible for all
costs but structural maintenance and management.
* The rents were adjusted upward $4.50/SF for gross comparison.
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50
These three sales are summarized as follows:
SUMMARY OF IMPROVED SALES
SALE RENTABLE PRICE PER
NUMBER ADDRESS SQ. FT. SALE PRICE SQ. FT.
1 Independence Court 6,928 $ 850,000 $122.69
Birmingham, Alabama
2 20th Street South 44,574 $3,750,000 $ 84.13
Birmingham, Alabama
3 1260 Upper Hembree 32,500 $4,525,000 $139.23
Roswell, Georgia
The unadjusted prices of these comparables range from $84.13 per square foot to
$139.23 per gross square foot. Each of the comparables will be discussed and
adjusted for comparisons with the subject property. An Improved Sales
Adjustment Matrix is shown at the end of this section.
SALE NUMBER 1 is a Class C professional office building that is located near
the Brookwood Medical Center. An affiliate of HealthSouth Medical Center
purchased this building to encourage its physician/owner to move his practice
to their facility. This transaction was reportedly at a market value price.
However, a downward adjustment is still indicated because the building never
was marketed as a vacant building due to this relationship. The building is
located at the end of a steep winding road, and has poor visibility. An upward
adjustment is indicated due to this inferior location compared to the subject.
An offsetting downward adjustment to the price per square foot is indicated
because of the smaller size of this comparable. An upward adjustment to this
comparable is indicated because of the subject's superior construction quality.
The adjusted price per square foot of this comparable is $103.42.
SALE NUMBER 2 is the sale of a building purchased by UAB to use as a Medical
Genetics Center. An upward adjustment is warranted for time. The sale's
location near a medical center is similar to the subject's. The sale's
effective age is significantly above the subject's indicating an upward
adjustment. A downward adjustment for size would be warranted. The adjusted
price for this comparable is $90.10 per square foot.
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51
SALE NUMBER 3 was the sale of a three-building professional office facility
that is located approximately one-quarter-mile from the North Fulton Medical
Center in Roswell, Georgia. An upward adjustment for time has been applied.
Downward adjustments to the price per square foot of this comparable are
indicated because it is new and smaller than the subject facility. The
adjusted price per square foot of this comparable is $116.95.
The adjusted prices per square foot range from $90.10 to $116.95. An adjusted
price of $100.00 per square foot is representative of the subject property.
Based on this analysis, the market value of the subject property by the Sales
Comparison Approach, as of January 1, 1994, the effective date of this report,
is calculated as follows:
127,488 SF x $100.00/SF = $12,448,800
Rounded to: $12,750,000
==========
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52
I M P R O V E D S A L E A D J U S T M E N T G R I D
Goodyear Clinic
Hamiter Building
Baptist Medical Building II
Gadsden, Alabama
Element Subject Bldg Comp Bldg Comp Bldg Comp
#1 #2 #3
Sale Price/SF $108.86 $71.51 $139.23
Property Rights Fee Simple Same Same Same
Adjustment
--------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $108.86 $71.51 $139.23
Financing Cash Cash Cash Cash
Adjustment
--------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $108.86 $71.51 $139.23
Conditions of Sale None None
Adjustment -5% 0%
--------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $108.86 $71.51 $139.23
Market/Time
Adjustment 0% 5% 5%
--------------------------------
Adjusted Price/SF $103.42 $75.09 $146.19
Other Adjustments:
Location Adjustment 5% 0% 0%
Building Condition 5% 25% -15%
Size Adjustment -10% -5% -5%
------ ------ ------
Net Other Adjustments 0% 20% -20%
FINAL ADJUSTED PRICE PER SF $103.42 $90.10 $116.95
================================
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53
INCOME APPROACH
The Income Approach is based on the principle of anticipation, and has as its
premise that value is represented by the present worth of expected future
benefits. The price that an investor will pay for an income property usually
depends on the anticipated income stream. The Income Approach represents an
attempt to simulate the future cash flows for the property, and to quantify the
future benefits in present dollars.
The subject properties consist of three of four professional office buildings
that Quorum Health Group, Inc. is selling for the purpose of establishing a
real estate investment trust (REIT). Quorum Health Group, Inc., the seller,
will provide a net rental guarantee in the form of a master lease. The REIT,
as the new property owner, will receive an annual rental income regardless of
the rental rates charged or received from the actual physician/tenants.
This master lease is a credit enhancement vehicle that will enable the REIT
issuer to sell the REIT shares. It will also allow leasing flexibility for the
office space. Quorum can lease office space to various physicians at different
rates and terms, or they can use the office space for hospital purposes.
The annual income stream guaranteed to the REIT is $1,327,501. Based upon the
total leasable square footage of the subject office buildings of 102,741, this
would correlate to a net rental rate per square foot of $13.00 (rounded). This
average rate per square foot appears to be reasonable based upon our market
research and rent comparables. There is little Class A space in the Gadsden
area, and as such, the subject property is viewed as premium office space. We
have included these comparables in the Exhibit Section of this report.
Valuation Counselors has received documentation of the guaranteed rental income
stream, but the actual master lease agreements for each property are not yet
available. For the purpose of our Income Approach, the gross income will be
the guaranteed annual income stream for all three of the professional office
buildings of $1,327,501.
The subject appraisal assumes that 100 percent of the income is guaranteed
through the master lease agreement. Since the leased fee interest is being
appraised, there is no deduction for vacancy or credit loss.
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54
Since the master lease provides for an income level to the REIT net of all
operating expenses, the only out-of-pocket expenses to the REIT will be
accounting, legal and internal administration or management expenses. These
management expenses are estimated at five percent of effective gross income, or
$66,375, based on the management experience of other properties. The net
operating income for the property is $1,327,501 less $66,375, or $1,261,126.
The estimated direct capitalization rates, or overall rates (OARs), for the
four improved sale comparables presented in the Sales Comparison Approach
section of this report are summarized as follows:
Sale Number Property Location Sale Date OAR (%)
1 Independence Court March 1993 8.0%
Birmingham, Alabama
2 20th Street South December 1992 9.0%
Birmingham, Alabama
3 Upper Hembree November 1991 10.1%
Roswell, Georgia
The direct capitalization, or overall rates, for these comparables ranged from
8.0 percent to 10.1 percent.
A capitalization rate at 10.0 percent is considered appropriate because of the
age of the subject.
Therefore, it is our opinion that the market value of the subject property by
the Income Approach is calculated and rounded as follows:
Net Operating Income/OAR = Estimated Value
$1,261,126/.10 = $12,611,260
Rounded to: $12,600,000
==========
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55
CORRELATION AND CONCLUSION
We have considered three approaches to value in order to estimate the value of
the subject professional office buildings. The three approaches are summarized
as follows:
Cost Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,650,000
Sales Comparison Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,750,000
Income Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,600,000
The Cost Approach involved a detailed analysis of the individual components of
the property. These costs were estimated using sources which were considered
to be reliable. However, estimating the replacement cost and all forms of
depreciation is difficult. For this reason, this approach is considered only a
fair indicator of value for the subject property.
The Sales Comparison Approach is based on the price that investors and
owner-occupants have recently paid for comparable professional office
buildings. The quantity and quality of data available in this approach was
considered good, but no comparable transactions were found directly in the
Gadsden market. The appraisers only consider this approach to be a fair
indicator of value for the subject property.
The Income Approach normally provides the most reliable value estimate for
professional office buildings such as the subject. Although many buyers of
professional office buildings are owner/occupants, these buyers are generally
aware of a property's cash flow potential and its value from an investor's
perspective. For this reason, the Income Approach is considered the best
indicator of value for the subject property.
Based on this analysis, it is our opinion that the market value of the subject
professional office buildings, as of January 1, 1994, and based on the
assumptions and limiting conditions in this report, is:
$12,600,000
==========
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