{"id":37486,"date":"2016-03-31T19:25:28","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T00:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/uncategorized\/ptsd-not-disability-under-ada.html"},"modified":"2016-07-27T16:36:03","modified_gmt":"2016-07-27T21:36:03","slug":"ptsd-not-disability-under-ada","status":"publish","type":"corporate","link":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/litigation-disputes\/ptsd-not-disability-under-ada.html","title":{"rendered":"The ADA and Employees with PTSD"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    <p><em>This article was edited and reviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw Attorney Writers<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 07, 2026\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\" rel=\"noopener\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\" rel=\"noopener\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1990, Congress passed the<a title=\"FindLaw, &quot;Americans with Disabillities Act - Overview&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/civilrights\/discrimination\/the-americans-with-disabilities-act-overview.html\" rel=\"noopener\"> Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)<\/a> to remove discrimination against individuals with disabilities and to set enforceable standards. The ADA requires businesses to make certain accommodations for employees with physical and also psychological disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) <a title=\"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, &quot;PTSD: National Center for PTSD&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/about\/ptsd-awareness\/ptsd_awareness_month.asp\" rel=\"noopener\">has increased<\/a> especially with the return of combat veterans to the workforce, but this <a title=\"National Institute of Mental Health, &quot;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/topics\/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd\/index.shtml\" rel=\"noopener\">mental health condition<\/a> isn&#8217;t limited to the military community. Instead, it can result from any fearful or traumatic experience such as the death of a loved one, an assault or a car accident. With increasing awareness of PTSD and its presence in the workplace, it&#8217;s important for your corporate clients to understand their legal obligations including the need to provide accommodations.<\/p>\n<p>While determining accommodations may easier for observable physical conditions, it may not be as clear for psychological conditions like PTSD. Read on to learn more about the ADA, PTSD, and ways you can help protect your clients.<\/p>\n<p><b>What Does the ADA Require?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Under the ADA, businesses with 15 or more employees are required to provide equal opportunities to employees or prospective employees with disabilities. This means that employers cannot discriminate based on disabilities when it comes to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recruitment<\/li>\n<li>Hiring<\/li>\n<li>Promotions<\/li>\n<li>Training<\/li>\n<li>Pay<\/li>\n<li>Social activities<\/li>\n<li>Other privileges of employment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It also means that employers must provide reasonable accommodations for employees with disabilities, unless doing so would <a title=\"U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, &quot;Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accomodation and Undue Hardship Under the Americans with Disabilities Act&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/policy\/docs\/accommodation.html#undue\" rel=\"noopener\">impose an undue hardship<\/a>. However, an employer is only required to provide accommodations for known&nbsp;disabilities and may be restricted from asking about an individual&#8217;s medical conditions. An employer usually learns of a disability when the employee discloses it in requesting an accommodation. In that case an employer can request documentation of the disability.<\/p>\n<p>There are a few instances under <a title=\"FindLaw, 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 12112(d)\" href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/us\/title-42-the-public-health-and-welfare\/42-usc-sect-12112.html\" rel=\"noopener\">federal law<\/a> when an employer can initiate an inquiry about the disabilities of an employee or prospective employee. For example, employers can ask about an individual&#8217;s ability to perform specific job-related functions (e.g. carrying heavy equipment) which could involve a discussion of disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>But how does the ADA apply to mental health conditions like PTSD? After all, these conditions may have less obvious effects but still impact an employee&#8217;s ability to perform work-related duties.<\/p>\n<p><b>Is PTSD Covered Under the ADA?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Under the ADA, disability <a title=\"U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, &quot;Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as Amended&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/pubs\/adastatute08.htm\" rel=\"noopener\">is generally defined<\/a> as &quot;a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.&quot; The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has clarified this as its <a title=\"Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, &quot;EEOC Enforcement Guide on the Americans with Disabilities Act and Psychiatric Disabilities&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/policy\/docs\/psych.html\" rel=\"noopener\">ADA enforcement guide<\/a> defines mental impairment as &quot;any mental or psychological disorder&quot; and makes specific reference to PTSD. Coverage of PTSD under the ADA was also confirmed by an<a title=\"U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Opinion Letter, March 27, 2008\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/eeoc\/foia\/letters\/2008\/ada_disability_employee_misconduct.html\" rel=\"noopener\">EEOC opinion letter<\/a> from 2008.<\/p>\n<p><b>What Are Reasonable Accommodations for PTSD?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Many PTSD-related symptoms involve interpersonal and social interactions which can impact a workplace. Typical symptoms of PTSD include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flashbacks<\/li>\n<li>Nightmares<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty sleeping<\/li>\n<li>Frightening thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Avoidance of people, places, or thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Emotional numbness<\/li>\n<li>Being easily startled<\/li>\n<li>Feeling tense<\/li>\n<li>Angry outbursts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While an unfortunate <a title=\"Syracuse University, &quot;Understanding and Overcoming the Stigma of PTSD&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/toolkit.vets.syr.edu\/article\/understanding-and-overcoming-the-stigma-of-ptsd\/\" rel=\"noopener\">social stigma<\/a> still exists with PTSD, there have been <a title=\"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for PTSD, &quot;Treatment&quot;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/public\/treatment\/therapy-med\/index.asp\" rel=\"noopener\">significant advances in treatment<\/a> allowing for better symptom management. This also makes <a title=\"U.S. Department of Justice, &quot;ADA: Know Your Rights&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/servicemembers_adainfo.html\" rel=\"noopener\">workplace accommodations<\/a> more likely to mitigate the effects of PTSD. Examples of such accommodations include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flexible scheduling to allow time for counseling and appointments<\/li>\n<li>Allowing calls to medical providers during work hours<\/li>\n<li>More frequent breaks and backup coverage as needed<\/li>\n<li>Telecommuting options<\/li>\n<li>Partitions or closed doors for increased privacy<\/li>\n<li>Reducing clutter and distractions in the workplace<\/li>\n<li>Written as well as verbal instructions<\/li>\n<li>Allowing a service animal at work<\/li>\n<li>Assigning a mentor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Job Accommodation Network also provides a <a title=\"Job Accommodation Network, &quot;Employees with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/askjan.org\/media\/downloads\/PTSDA&amp;CSeries.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">helpful guide<\/a> with more information and suggestions regarding PTSD-related accommodations.<\/p>\n<p><b>Looking Ahead<\/b><\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s important to advise your corporate clients about what the ADA requires and prohibits especially when it comes to PTSD. Although there are restrictions on inquiries into an employee&#8217;s mental health, having an open channel of communication with employees and available accommodations may help your clients to ensure ADA compliance and a more productive workplace.<\/p>\n<p>There are a number of other resources also available to assist your clients when it comes to ADA compliance, including the EEOC&#8217;s <a title=\"Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, &quot;EEOC Enforcement Guide on the Americans with Disabilities Act and Psychiatric Disabilities&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/policy\/docs\/psych.html\" rel=\"noopener\">ADA enforcement guide for psychiatric conditions<\/a> and the&nbsp;Department of Labor&#8217;s <a title=\"U.S. Department of Labor, &quot;Hiring Veterans: A Step-By-Step Toolkit for Employers&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/vets\/documents\/VeteransHiringToolkit%20v2.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Toolkit for Employers<\/a> hiring veterans with PTSD. The Department of Labor also provides additional resources for employers through its <a title=\"U.S. Department of Labor, &quot;Employers&quot;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/odep\/topics\/Employers.htm\" rel=\"noopener\">Office of Disability Employment Policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>, 136 F.3d 1047 (5th Cir. 1998)The Fifth Circuit found that Hamilton, who suffered only temporary impairment due to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), was not &#8216;disabled&#8217; under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). The court further noted &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":true,"_modified_date":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"corporate_categories":[6522,6526,6520],"class_list":["post-37486","corporate","type-corporate","status-publish","hentry","corporate_categories-litigation-disputes__civil-litigation","corporate_categories-litigation-disputes__civil-litigation__civil-rights","corporate_categories-litigation-disputes"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/corporate\/37486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/corporate"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/corporate"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"corporate_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/corporate_categories?post=37486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}